tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-78316566114492253172024-02-08T11:39:02.584-08:00Writing critical essaysWriting An Essay HighPatrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-61878235827790286542020-08-23T01:46:00.001-07:002020-08-23T01:46:03.801-07:00Free Essays on World WarsPatrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-91986804754680672022020-08-21T23:28:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:28:04.565-07:00Free Essays - Angelaââ¬â¢s Ashes :: AshesAngelaââ¬â¢s Ashes à In Frank McCourtââ¬â¢s journal Angelaââ¬â¢s Ashes, the association between tone, linguistic structure, and perspective consolidate to make a compelling parity of silliness and pathos.â This is appeared through the viewpoint of minimal Frank McCourt.à Sometimes it is human instinct to attempt to cause a catastrophe to appear to be better than it is so as to go on with our lives.â Frankââ¬â¢s battle to make his circumstance as a poor, Catholic, Irish kid progressively tolerable, is shown through the positive tone, amazing language structure and innocent perspective. Amusingness and sentiment meet up when Frank takes bananas from the Italian, however later a similar Italian gives him a pack of fruit.â Frank realizes that he canââ¬â¢t purchase the bananas and he knows likewise the Italian wonââ¬â¢t part with them seen when Frank says; ââ¬Å" Italians are not known for parting with bananasâ⬠(p.35).â We can consider the to be in the robbery as the ââ¬Å" twins drool and bite and spread bananas over their appearances, their hair, their clothesâ⬠(p.36).â The disaster is that the McCourt kids are poor and need to fall back on asking and taking to survive.â When the writer uses such words, for example, ââ¬Å"slobberâ⬠(p.36), ââ¬Å"little buddasâ⬠(p.36), he is attempting to make a horrendous circumstance increasingly tolerable and charming to the peruser. à When the McCourts are at their new home, fourteen days before Christmas, the youngsters get back home and locate the entire ground floor flooded.â They conclude that they will remain up steps, which they call ââ¬Å"Italyâ⬠(p.118), and the first floor ââ¬Å"Irelandâ⬠(p.118).â The funniness in this catastrophe is the house is so run down that water spills in and floods the bottom.â Instead of misery and griping about the house they move upstairs and make the best out of it and attempt to live normally.â The peruser should locate this entertaining from the manner in which the family discusses it, they attempt to make the circumstance progressively endurable by including a feeling of humor.â They leave the ââ¬Å"Popeâ⬠(p.118) first floor on the grounds that Angela doesnââ¬â¢t ââ¬Å" need him on the divider frowning at me in the bedâ⬠(p.118).â The grammar utilized is to cause the peruser to feel sorry for the family when the entire ground floo r is overwhelmed yet additionally the writer needs to make the peruser chuckle when the family chooses to help the circumstance by making a bold hallucination. à One of the more entertaining minutes is where Frank vomits up the host and his Grandmother says she ââ¬Å" has God in her backyardâ⬠(p. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-76795719529362259902020-07-12T16:04:00.001-07:002020-07-12T16:04:02.706-07:00Life lessonsLife lessons Never do something permanently foolish just because you are temporarily upset. LilyWorrying is like a rocking chair: it gives you something to do, but doesnt get you anywhere. Van Wilder The most beautiful thing is to see a person you love smiling. And even more beautiful is knowing you are the reason behind it. XOXOWork like you dont need the money, love like youve never been hurt and dance like no one is watching. Randall G LeightonIn three words I can sum up everything Ive learned about life: it goes on. Robert FrostThe true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good. Ann LandersSometimes, when youre mad, you have the right to be mad, but you dont have the right to be cruel. Saphire007Dont be afraid of change. You may end up losing something good, but you will probably end up gaining something better. UnknownWhen one door closes, another opens; but we often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door that we do not see the one that has op ened for us. Alexander Graham BellYesterday is history. Tomorrow is a mystery. Today is a gift. Thats why its called the present. UnknownDont take life too seriously. Youll never get out of it alive. Elbert HubbardThroughout life people will make you mad, disrespect you and treat you bad. Let God deal with the things they do, because hate in your heart will consume you too. Will SmithDream as if youll live forever, live as if youll die today. James DeanNobody is perfect, and nobody deserves to be perfect. Nobody has it easy, everybody has issues. You never know what people are going through. So pause before you start judging, criticizing, or mocking others. Everybody is fighting their own unique war. SoulmanChoose the guy or girl who brings you to meet his or her parents, not his or her bedroom. MaryannThe best thing in life is finding someone who knows about all your flaws and still thinks youre completely amazing. ShellyStand up for what you believe in, even if it means standing a lone. YeahyeahIf you dont like something, change it. If you cant change it, change the way you think about it. MichelleWhile youre busy looking for the perfect person, youll probably miss the imperfect person who could make you perfectly happy. LuluThe most painful and worst possible types of goodbyes are the ones that are never said, or never explained. NickCrying doesnt indicate that youre weak. Since birth, it has always been a sign that youre alive. DeeYou donât drown by falling in the water. You drown by staying there. Jonny123Making one person smile can change the world. Maybe not the whole world, but their world. Start small. Start now. PammySomeone will always be prettier. Someone will always be smarter. Someone will always be younger. But they will never be you. Uncle.DSometimes you need to distance yourself to see things clearly. StevenODont say you dont have enough time. You have exactly the same number of hours per day that were given to Mother Teresea, Leonardo da Vin ci, Thomas Jefferson, and Albert Einstein. SoxyGiving up and moving on are two very different things. ChrisA silent hug means a thousand words to the unhappy heart. Timmy JimLetting go is not forgetting, itâs remembering without fear. RogerDeath leaves a heartache no one can heal, love leaves a memory no one can steal. UnknownThroughout your lifetime, the most difficult choice you will ever have to make is deciding whether you should let go, or hold on a little longer. AngelWe meet no ordinary people in our lives. If you give them a chance, everyone has something amazing to offer. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-25205254713243930782020-05-20T05:13:00.001-07:002020-05-20T05:13:05.082-07:00Career overview Retention Specialist â⬠Counselor 2019 Graduation rates at colleges and universities are a big deal. Many times funding is contingent on how well students do in terms of degree completion. To increase graduation and retention rates, many colleges and universities are employing individuals who specialize in retention and graduation strategies to help students make it through school. Below we take a look at the career path. Retention specialists are often found at schools who serve populations that typically have difficulty graduating. These populations include first generation, minority and disabled students. These populations have social, cultural, class and socioeconomic barriers that many other students do not face. The retention specialist is responsible for creating and delivering services designed to help students succeed. They often work with students in a one-on-one or group setting discussing thinks such as study skills, graduation requirements and other student development topics. These individuals also make referrals to other departments that deliver services that the student may need. They often know a lot about financial aid, course offerings, student services, disability services, and special programs. .ue7f9bcee182c820c879c5015c0640c5d { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ue7f9bcee182c820c879c5015c0640c5d:active, .ue7f9bcee182c820c879c5015c0640c5d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ue7f9bcee182c820c879c5015c0640c5d { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ue7f9bcee182c820c879c5015c0640c5d .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ue7f9bcee182c820c879c5015c0640c5d .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ue7f9bcee182c820c879c5015c0640c5d:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Kentucky Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus-based Education in Kentucky, the Bluegrass StateDepending on the position, the retention specialist may engage in non-academic or personal counseling. These types of positions require the employee to have the right credentials which commonly includes being a licensed mental health counselor. Career outlook Retention specialist careers are expected to grow at a faster than average pace through the next decade. They are listed under a variety of career titles including academic counselor, retention counselor, retention advisor, educational planner, academic advisor, or academic coach. The average salary for a retention specialist is approximately $45,000 per year. This salary is the medium for all professionals including new, mid-career and very experienced individuals. The educational requirement varies by institution. The individual is typically required to hold a bachelors degree or a masters degree in education, student development, communications, or the like. They typically must have at least two years of experience working in higher education. .udb0d13058736216f8251ebac1e88e2c5 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .udb0d13058736216f8251ebac1e88e2c5:active, .udb0d13058736216f8251ebac1e88e2c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .udb0d13058736216f8251ebac1e88e2c5 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .udb0d13058736216f8251ebac1e88e2c5 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .udb0d13058736216f8251ebac1e88e2c5 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .udb0d13058736216f8251ebac1e88e2c5:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ The Highest Ranked Small Business Accounting SoftwareRetention specialists often work for special grant programs that serve underrepresented groups such as ethnic minorities, first generation students and students with disabilities. It is very important for the individual to have an appreciation for others with diverse backgrounds. Retention specialists can be found at community college and four year institutions. Depending on their education, they may teach student development courses as part of their work load. If you enjoy helping diverse students as well as working in higher education, this may be the career for you. Interested students should study student development, education, counseling, or communications. Related ArticlesHuman Resources and Skills Development CanadaTop Ten Things to Consider when Selecting an Online SchoolAssociate Degree in Criminal Justice Boost Earning Potential and Streamline into the Criminal Justice WorkforceCareer Opportunities With a Criminal Justice DegreeGenetic Counseling A Novel Career Option for those in Pursuit of a Master of Science in PsychologyCareer Overview College Admissions Recruiter .u6cec85b1508d2325776baab9ce0d9421 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u6cec85b1508d2325776baab9ce0d9421:active, .u6cec85b1508d2325776baab9ce0d9421:hover { opacity: 1; transition: o pacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u6cec85b1508d2325776baab9ce0d9421 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u6cec85b1508d2325776baab9ce0d9421 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u6cec85b1508d2325776baab9ce0d9421 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u6cec85b1508d2325776baab9ce0d9421:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ BSN Degree Neonatal Nurses Care for Newborns with Special Needs Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-27391602951204803992020-05-06T23:03:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:03:15.449-07:00Inclusion or Exclusion in The Crucible Essay - 2359 Words Much of The Crucible by Arthur Miller was about being part of a group. What is it to belong to a group? Is it really that simple when someone says, quot;Either youre with us or youre notquot;? Yes, it is that simple. Belonging and exclusion in any situation are two sides of the same coin - you cant have one without the other. In any organization or group, people are bound together by a community of interest, purpose or function and if you do not believe in these same things, then you are not a part of that group. In an organization or group, you have to ask yourself, quot;What is it to be a part of this particular group, what does it take to belong?quot; It takes following the rules of the group, agreeing with their purpose,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Traditionally, rules are set out for the members to follow. Generally, explicit rules are made in order for everyone to obviously and without question understand what is expected of them. Ideally, a clear list of what you can and can not do and what is acceptable and unacceptable in their organization should exist. Unfortunately these requirements are not all written down - implicit standards are always hiding in a group, whether they are talked of or not is up to the group. We usually call these implicit rules actual quot;normsquot; which are there to ensure that only the quot;properquot; people are involved in the group. Implicit details often provide secret exclusion for members that dont quot;belongquot;. quot;Some details are implicitly implied only because by exploiting these undercover rules, the image of the group is disturbed and the hypocrisy of the rule makers might be uncovered.(Johnson 37)quot; Without rules people might be able to act as they please which is not the purpose of a group. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Just as in society, with rules must come enforcers. There can be no expectations for people to follow the rules if there is no one to enforce the consequences. This is why authority and leadership are key points in keeping their sense of belonging in a group. It is well known that people tend to lose focus of what is important to them when no one is helping them along, thus the necessity for role expectations. Someone in a groupShow MoreRelatedThe Paradoxical Nature of Belonging Depicted in Arthur Millers The Crucible1318 Words à |à 6 PagesIn Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s The Crucible, we are positioned to see belonging as paradoxical, in that the positive, human quality of belonging inevitably carries with it the negative and dangerous corollary of exclusion. By belonging, we are automatically excluding others and excluding ourselves from other groups. The Crucible achieves this complex presentation of belonging through a variety of interconnected techniques wh ich will be explored in this essay. These techniques may be categorized into four mainRead MoreThe Crucible Essay1784 Words à |à 8 Pages------------------------------------------------- THE CRUCIBLE ESSAY ââ¬ËThe Crucibleââ¬â¢ written by Arthur Miller and my related material ââ¬ËHappy Feetââ¬â¢ by George Miller is true to this statement ââ¬Å"Understanding nourishes belongingâ⬠¦a lack of understanding prevents itâ⬠that represents the interpretation of belonging. To define belong is to have the correct personal and social assets to be a member of a particular group or it could be to fit a particular environment. By a sense of place, people youRead More War Creates Social Division, Not Cohesion Essay5403 Words à |à 22 Pagesbefore in its history and never again in the immediate future, would America enjoy such unity in time of war (Gerstle, 189). It seemed Americans were ready and willing to fight for their country. John Whiteclay Chambers II, in Gerstles book American Crucible, offers evidence-displaying Americans willingness to engage in war. He explains the Second World Wars refusal of induction to the draft and desertion rates from basic training were far below those for World War I or Vietnam. Only one-half of oneRead MoreSuccess and Failure in Organizational Change14750 Words à |à 59 Pageswants. Success brings isolation and resentment from the ââ¬Ëhave-notsââ¬â¢ and feelings of loneliness and exclusion lead to emergence of . . . Collective: Deny self for equality, sharing and humanity, wealth distribution, charity and working for humanitarian causes to aid social developmen t and community. All are equal in the eyes of society, no one person is in control, consensus decision-making, inclusion and harmony eventually leads to lower efï ¬ ciencies. Lack of effective progress leads to emergence ofRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words à |à 319 PagesBabylon. ââ¬Å"Beating Down Babylonâ⬠: Ideological Delegitimation Rastafari is ï ¬ rst and foremost a response to the Babylonian conditions of the Jamaican society and, by extension, of the whole Western world. The Rastafarian phenomenon was forged in the crucible of oppression that started in plantation slavery and that has persisted in post-emancipation and postcolonial Jamaica. The manner in which some experienced and perceived the realities of the colonial society called forth the response and shapedRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words à |à 308 Pagesrapidity that allows its initial leaders to become very, very successful. The key in all this is crossing the chasmââ¬âmaking that mainstream market emerge. This is a do-or-die proposition for high-tech enterprises; hence, it is logical that they be the crucible in which ââ¬Å"chasm theoryâ⬠is formed. But the principles can be generalized to other forms of marketing, so for the general reader who can bear with all the high-tech examples in this book, useful lessons may be learned. One of the most importantRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pagesbehavior of people at work. In addition, youââ¬â¢ll gain insights into specific people skills that you workforce diversity The concept that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups. Source: ITAR - TASS / Anton Tushin / Newscom The Ritz Carlton Hotel Company is recognized worldwide as the gold standard of the hospitality industry. Its mottoââ¬âââ¬Å"We are ladies and gentlemen serving ladies and gentlemenâ⬠ââ¬âisRead MoreManagement Course: MbaâËâ10 General Management215330 Words à |à 862 Pagesusually was judged and measured by the depth and capability and hard-asset credentials of the companyââ¬â¢s management. That, of course, remains critically important. However, American companies whose performance most readily slipped in the economic crucible at the beginning of the twenty-first century (and whose recovery was among the slowest) seemed to rate highest in hard-asset terms compared with the many companies with a higher mix of soft-asset management strength, whose results were far better Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-76868399065270524772020-05-06T07:26:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:26:25.747-07:00Apollo Theatre free essay sample Harlem is known worldwide as a major African- American cultural and business neighborhood. It wasnt always the Harlem we know today. Harlem didnt become an African American neighborhood until the Great Migration. During the first decade of the 20th century, Growing unemployment and Increasing racial violence encouraged blacks to leave the south. The way they came up north was by working for northern manufacturers who had recruited the southern black workers to fill factory Jobs. So from 1910 to 1930 between 1. Million and 2 million African Americans left the South for the Industrial cities of the North. By 1930 more than 200,000 blacks had moved to New York. As black communities In Northern ties grew, black working people became the patrons for an expanding black professional and business class, gaining in political and economic power. As more and more educated and socially conscious blacks settled in New Works neighborhood of Harlem, It developed Into the political and cultural center of black America. During the sass a Jose 2 new political agenda advocating racial equality arose In the African American community, particularly in its growing middle class. A black middle class had developed by the turn of the century, fostered by increased education and employment opportunities. There was something emerging In the midst of social and Intellectual up rise In the African American community In the early 20th century. Harlem Renaissance was the name of the African American cultural movement of the sass and early sass that was centered in the Harlem.The Apollo Theater has been the most lasting legacy of the Harlem Renaissance. The Apollo grew to prominence during the Harlem Renaissance of the pre-World War II years. By the time the Apollo had open Its doors the Harlem Renaissance was coming to a close. The Apollo Theater that we know today didnt start out that way. It began as a all white music hall and burlesque theatre. It gained fame a Hurting and Seamans Burlesque In the twenties and early thirties. The 1 25th street Apollo Theater TLD open until January 1934.This Is when they started showcasing black entertainment. The Apollo theatre was originally owned by Sidney Cohen. After Sydney S. Cones death, Morris Susann and Frank Coffman got together. Coffman ran the Harlem I OFF credited with guiding the Apollo Theater to greatness. Chiffons motivation for featuring black talent and entertainment was not only because the neighborhood ad become black over a two hundred year period of gradual migration, but because black entertainers were cheaper to hire, and Coffman could offer quality shows for reasonable rates.For many years Apollo was the only theater in New York City to hire black talent. Jose 3 With black performers as the main entertainment in the Apollo came an important facet of American life that has been dominated by blacks. That is Jazz. In Jazz the black man stands supreme. The products of his creative energies are sought after by musicians and listeners of every background. Jazz didnt start in the Apollo theatre. It didnt start in Harlem either. The roots of Jazz lie deep in the history of New Orleans, Kansas City, Chicago, and New York.The true ancestral roots are buried even deep in the music traditions of West Africa and Latin countries. But the Apollo was one of the places that provided a home and a receptive atmosphere in which Jazz practitioners felt at ease, where their art could thrive and flourish. Although Jazz was a true American genre of music it was formerly held in relatively low class by certain intellectual. Many believe the reason for the low appraisal of Jazz value was made cause most of the Jazz practitioners were black and the critics were white. Although the Apollo Theater was essentially a black theater, the main interest was always in quality rather than color. Even though Jazz was predominantly the creation of black musicians, the amount of interracial Jazz was relatively small thought the history of early Jazz. It wasnt because of discrimination from the performers but rather the performers were keeping up with the climate of the times. Many white musicians were accepted with respect and affection by Apollo audience. The first show was called Jazz a la Carte.All the proceeds of this show were donated to the Harlem Childrens Fresh Air Fund. Since then the Apollo Theater is known for starting careers of many music pioneers. In 1934, it introduced its regular Amateur Night shows. Billing itself as a place where stars are born and legends are made, the Apollo became famous for launching the careers of artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, James Brown, Diana Ross The Supremes, Gladys Knight The Pips, The Jackson 5, Patti Label, Marvin Gay, Luther Jose 4Vandals, Steve Wonder, Earth Franklin, Ben E. King, Maria Carrey, The Sisley Brothers, Lauren Hill, and Sarah Vaughan. The Apollo also featured the performances of old-time vaudeville favorites like Tim Moore, Stein Fetch, Godlier Cambridge, Dewey Pigment Markham, Moms Emblem, Marshall Garbage Rogers, and Johnny Lee. The Apollo didnt only make careers but they also had big name artist. By the mid- thirties, the era of the big band was in full swing. Of all the personalities we ever played at the Apollo, none were as vibrant as Fats Waller. There was never any question about Fats playing the Apollo. It was a semi-annual engagement, which he never missed. The Luis Russell Band was a band that was put together to showcase Louis, who had left the band by then. They band did include clarinetist Barney Bigger, who later starred with Longtime; Big Side Cattle, who also played with Hines, on drums; and trumpeter Henry Red Allen. Duke Longtime and Louis Armstrong are probably two of the most influential men in the history of Jazz. Louis Armstrong played with them all because they all wanted to play with the master.In 1949, Louis and in an Apollo show included such legendary fugues as trombonist and vocalist Jack Degrade, drummer Cozy Cole, clarinetist Barney Bigger, pianist Earl Hines, and bassist Ravel Shaw. A Jazz lover could only be at awe at this line up. Louis influences everyone, even the singers. Billie Holiday once spoke about how she wanted to sing exactly as Louis played his horn. The fun-loving genius had vocal trick of finishing his songs with Oh Yeah. In 1939 Duke Longtime played the Apollo. He had played there and at the Harlem Opera House and the Lafayette and, of course, was legendary figure at the old Cotton Club.He played the Apollo again, again, and again. He was one of the Jose 5 giants and one of the transcending figures in Jazz history. You cant talk about Duke Longtime musical genius without talking about the incredible number of compositions that he penned. Probably in the whole history of music no one has composed more songs the Longtime. There is said to be over two thousand songs. Women were also very popular in the Apollo Theater. Most of the women were singers, the major exceptions being pianists Mary Lou Williams and Hazel Scott. They were the International Sweethearts of Rhythm. Another talented Jazzmen was Balance Galloway, sister of Cab Galloway. Although she frequently copied Cabs style as a leader, she was a serious musician. Later Balance ran a club in Washington and brought us Ruth Brown, who became a major Apollo attraction. In addition to introducing a vast number of rising stars, the Apollo quickly became a vital stop for any black entertainer, and virtually every major African American musical act performed there at least once as did several white acts, who often were booked because they were assumed to be black.The management maintained a logic of alternating live stage shows with B movies. The Apollo was the pinnacle of the classic circuit of venues including the Regal Theater in Chicago and the Howard Theater in Washington, D. C. That catered to African American audiences. As a show of respect for its legacy, the building was left untouched during the riots of the sass. In 1977 the shows were discontinued, and the theatre was operated as a movie theatre. A year later the building was closed. Purchased by investors in 1981, the Apollo received landmark status in 1983, was renovated, and was reopened to the public in 1985. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-65292545065069410912020-04-23T18:28:00.001-07:002020-04-23T18:28:02.598-07:00Jack Jenkins Essays - Chains, Historical Fiction, Slavery, Injustice Jack Jenkins Mrs. Collister English 10 25 August 2015 Chains by: Laurie Halse Anderson The story started off at the funeral of Ruth and Isabel's owner, Mary Finch. Due to Ms. Finch passing away, her brother takes ownership over Ruth and Isabel and sells them to a rich couple of merchants from Britain named Anne and Elihu Lockton. The Lockton's are very mean and stubborn. Anne Lockton is very strict and demands Ruth and Isabel to call her Madam. Ruth and Isabel are treated very badly when they are working for the Lockton's. Isabel meets a boy on the ship named Curzon, but he is a Patriot. At this time America is fighting for independence from Britain. Isabel now tries to help the Bellingham's by spilling secrets that she overheard the Lockton's talking about, so this can help the Bellingham's gain freedom. Isabel now is trying to escape, so she is trying every trick she can think of to leave the Lockton's. Isabel ends up sneaking Curzon out of a prison cell and they both row out of New York to Jersey. They finally freed themselves from slavery. Reading this book, I learned that the main characters of this book were treated as if they weren't even humans and they were not cared for by anyone. They were taught to work and receive nothing back. That was there culture, and that's how they lived. Isabel and Ruth's owner that cared for them died, so they had to get sold to an even worse situation with the Lockton's. Mary Finch, Ruth and Isabel's original owner, planned on freeing them from slavery. The culture back in this time period involved using slaves as a way from maintaining their property. Also, the point of the war that was going on was to gain freedom for their country, but the slaves wouldn't gain freedom with them. This differs from culture today because slavery is illegal and now you have the same freedom as anybody else regardless of skin color, race, family, or money. Slaves were almost not even considered as humans back in the time period of Chains . Now in America, everybody is equal and embraced equally. My favorite character of this story was definitely Isabel because she was very emotionally strong and she was also very cunning. Isabel stayed strong regardless of how badly she was treated. She was a team player and she did everything in her power to find a way out of slavery, and she did. She was so smart to disguise herself as a cell cleaner that she was able to take Curzon with her to leave New York and free them from slavery. She had a plan and she sought out everything she was going to do before she even did it. I would recommend this boom to next year's sophomores only because I am not a great reader and I truly dislike reading, but this book was very interesting and I really enjoyed reading it. This story had a great description of how life was for the slaves. If you wait for the story to get started, you will definitely like this book. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-32909516474065173692020-03-17T14:40:00.001-07:002020-03-17T14:40:03.042-07:00Catharisis in Oedipus the king and Medea EssaysCatharisis in Oedipus the king and Medea Essays Catharisis in Oedipus the king and Medea Essay Catharisis in Oedipus the king and Medea Essay Essay Topic: Medea Catharsis refers to a purgation or purification of the emotions of the audience by art. According to Aristotle, it is applied to a tragedy which can produce in the audience purgation of fear and pity and then gives a heightened understanding of the ways of gods and men. In both plays, Catharsis allows the dramatists to raise the prevailing themes as well as fully express their perceptions toward the society. In Euripides Made, the woman with magic was taken back to a civilized society. However, Made notionally suffered as her husband, Jason, betrayed her. Since she is the woman, the outcast, and the foreigner, in a new environment, barely did she own her right to voice for herself. Having nowhere to turn to, she had a quarrel with Jason and planned her plot against him to revenge. She decided to murder the princess of Corinth and their sons, and eventually she succeeded, leaving the play ending in disorder. Now, the audience would not feel frightened because of the employment of Catharsis. Euripides projects the inequality of sex and attacks the Greek masculinity, but unlike Homers epic, the unspeakable violence attributes to the long-term oppression and pent-up. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus determined to leave his country in prevention of the fulfillment of the oracle. He was said to murder his own father and marry his own mother. Even so, he had an argument on his way of wandering, lost his temper, and killed an old man he met in a rage. The old man happens to be his father. After the incident, Oedipus managed to defeat the monster, Sphinx, by answering her puzzle. Thus, Oedipus became the legitimate king and marry the queen. Audience are bake tit fully participate in process of his downfall. The playwright, Sophocles, intends to address the playing fate as well as their Harriet (tragic flaw) when Jotas attempted to comfort Oedipus that oracle could be sometimes misinterpreted. Her ignorance to the oracle leads him to realize his identity. Likewise, Oedipus has a free will. He should be responsible for his deeds. Throughout the entire play, audience can attach the function of catharsis to the main theme: sight. It expounds that what we see might not be absolutely self- evident. There could be something beyond our capacity of understanding. In the ancient Greek theater, many devices are used in help of enabling the dramatists to deliver messages. Catharsis plays a critical role to Greek tragedy because it has a therapeutic effect on the audience. In other words, it purifies the disquieting the emotions of our daily life. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-61418373460518321042020-03-01T06:27:00.001-08:002020-03-01T06:27:03.289-08:00Working at Home and Workplace ProductivityWorking at Home and Workplace Productivity Working at Home and Workplace Productivity Working at Home and Workplace Productivity By Mark Nichol The recent news that Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer is banning employees from working at home has caused a flurry of commentary in the media and among workers in the Internet industry. One aspect of the issue is how such a decision affects content producers. Banning telecommuting is a heavy-handed strategy. The rationale for the policy change, according to a leaked Yahoo memo, is that the company needs employees to be available to collaborate with colleagues in person, but the irony in this statement from an Internet company is delicious. Commentators have debated the wisdom of Yahooââ¬â¢s approach, some arguing that telecommuting encourages slacking and others insisting that it boosts productivity. The truth, as is often the case, is somewhere in between. At my last job before my current freelancing stint, I worked for a company that allowed most employees to work from home one day a week until management decided that it wasnââ¬â¢t working out. The implicit reason was that some people were abusing the privilege, staying home and not getting much work done. In my case, what had been my most productive workday became just like any other, punctuated with interruptions and distractions and noisy coworkers. Fortunately, the privilege was reinstated after a while, during which interval managers presumably were encouraged to keep closer tabs on the employees who reported to them. It is this point that any company considering whether to introduce or retain telecommuting should keep in mind: Some employees will game the system whether theyââ¬â¢re working on site or at home. Also, itââ¬â¢s disingenuous to use the excuse about the necessity of working in physical proximity with colleagues when much of oneââ¬â¢s work is solitary or involves communication with people at other company locations or other businesses. Thereââ¬â¢s also another issue, one that makes this topic relevant to a site called Daily Writing Tips. Many employees do a significant amount of writing or editing even if their employer is not a publishing or communications company, and telecommuting gives them an opportunity to produce content in an environment with fewer distractions than the workplace offers. I have worked at several companies where coworkers whose responsibilities entailed little or no composing of content played music, talked loudly or incessantly, and otherwise made it difficult for me to do what I was being paid to do. If this predicament sounds familiar to you, and even minimal telecommuting is not part of company policy, consider these possibilities: 1. Ask your manager to try to accommodate your need to work with minimal distractions, if only occasionally. If you cannot be relocated to a quieter workspace, perhaps you can at least sit somewhere else a vacant office, a seldom-used conference room from time to time, as when you need to draft an important report or produce some other significant amount of text. 2. Request the option to work on an offset schedule (starting very early in the morning or ending later at night) so that you have a couple of hours at the beginning or end of the day during which few, if any, other people are in your work area. 3. Ask your manager to monitor noise in the work area and follow up with reminders to employees to minimize sounds and distractions, including telephone conversations and ask him or her to ban use of phonesââ¬â¢ speaker functions. (And if people are allowed to listen to music at their desks, ask that they be required to use headphones.) Supervisors who have their own offices are often unaware of excessive noise (especially when certain workers suddenly become subdued and intent on their work when a manager appears), and they may need to be nudged to address the problem. 4. Suggest a policy that any conversation that takes more than a moment must take place in a meeting room or another area, because trying to write while the person seated next to you discusses a job-related problem (or a recent vacation) with a visiting colleague for half an hour is half an hour of your workday wasted. 5. Ask to be allowed to telecommute one or two days a week on a trial basis, suggesting that you and your manager agree on baseline productivity expectations. If your request is granted, make sure that you significantly exceed those benchmarks. You may hesitate to make such suggestions, concerned that you will be viewed as a troublemaker, but emphasize the improved productivity and morale that will result for all, not just for you, if such policies are implemented. Your success, of course, will also depend on your managerââ¬â¢s competence and on the company culture. Consider, too, asking for support from your colleagues (most, if not all, of whom are likely to sympathize and to agree that a quieter work environment would be beneficial). Finally, determine to go to your managerââ¬â¢s superior or to your companyââ¬â¢s human resources director if your immediate supervisor does not resolve the issue. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherWriting the CenturySit vs. Set Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-88238192289689293902020-02-13T21:52:00.001-08:002020-02-13T21:52:02.859-08:00IT Infrastructure and IT Sourcing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 wordsIT Infrastructure and IT Sourcing - Case Study Example has been operating since 2001. The main service provided by Anime International is an online retailer of Japanese Animation related products to customers worldwide from orders placed online at http://store.animeinternational.com. Products distributed include: Dvds and Music; Manga and Books; Toys and Figures; Art Work; Cards and Games; and other merchandise such as accessories, calendars and even kitchenware. The company sells over 10,000 diverse products in the anime genre. Anime International caters to the multimedia consumer, offering specialised downloads such as wallpapers and avatars (used in Internet forums, emails and online gaming). This diversity in product, design and orientation allows Anime International to offer consumers a wide variety of the most popular anime titles through E-commerce purchases. Operating largely as a business-to-consumer (B2C) online retailer, Anime International forms a part of the supply chain in the growing Japanese animation merchandising industry, typically second or third tier. IT Infrastructure and IT sourcing is a strategic issue for the growth and expansion of the Anime International in this competitive global market scenario. ... This diversity in product, design and orientation allows Anime International to offer consumers a wide variety of the most popular anime titles through E-commerce purchases. Operating largely as a business-to-consumer (B2C) online retailer, Anime International forms a part of the supply chain in the growing Japanese animation merchandising industry, typically second or third tier. IT Infrastructure and IT sourcing is a strategic issue for the growth and expansion of the Anime International in this competitive global market scenario. A comprehensive and appropriate strategic initiative at the right time can be very valuable for the business performance of the company. It is very necessary in the context of Anime International to maintain a standardized infrastructure and balanced IT sourcing strategy. This would ascertain the efficiency and the effectiveness of the company in this competitive world. There is also need for well managed and adaptable infrastructure which provides push for strategic goals, organizational competitiveness and overall performance of the company. The strategic decision to allocate funds and encourage development of IT infrastructure and IT sourcing will add great value to the existing business of Anime International. In this paper I am going to examine the positive potential benefits which can be estimated under extensive study of th e role of IT infrastructure and IT sourcing, under well planned and calculated scientific methodology to assess the performance level of Anime Inc. the findings are based on case study based on questionnaire approach and qualitative analysis. Topic 1-IT Infrastructure: The IT consideration needs to take fresh approach with regard to infrastructure in evolving a strategic Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-51580859870000173402020-02-01T13:17:00.001-08:002020-02-01T13:17:02.669-08:00Reflection on assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsReflection on 1 - Assignment Example And so it will be for our case study scenario. Knowledge management is generally a form of implementation expertise-centered management that focuses upon working with human expertise so as to achieve the strategized business advantages, Broadbent, M. (1988). An illustrative diagram of the knowledge management protocols that should be implemented in any organization for effectiveness in information sharing and better communication between organizationsââ¬â¢ managers and other staffs members of the organization is shown below. As shown in the above diagram, the cycle of knowledge management system is continuous; capturing management of information flows, capturing of organizational learning exercises, leveraging the organizational knowledge base and working on sustainable business value of the organization at large, Boynton, A. (1996). ... ch team member of the working force with general/ whole experiences of the organization/ company, organized in the provided knowledge management system to enable for quicker, consistent and confidentiality in the handling of the organizationsââ¬â¢ operational and managerial tasks. This therefore means that knowledge management helps to avoid reworks which are known to the managements as costly and common in situations of limited or no knowledge managerial skills. ii. Basing on the work as the main focus, knowledge management has demonstrated the benefits such as increased contact resolutions; decreased rates of escalations; advanced speed/ rates of performing tasks in terms of time utility; and finally, handling of the significant growths in clients related services and their satisfaction without any corresponding increase in the numbers of workers in that relation. iii. Considering situations where a client may wish to reach the management, effective knowledge management are most ly applicable to enable self-service all channels of choice as may be required by most clients. This practice allows clients to frequently get back to using an organizationââ¬â¢s products or services, and consequently giving room for the organizationââ¬â¢s workforce to highly concentrate on the high-value matters that require recommendable expertise. Case Analysis Organizations with well stipulated knowledge management systems in place have the characteristics of learning their own organizations with well structured and managed information flows and the general organizational behaviors in the areas of leadership, culture, managing people as assets, and both structures and processes. Having discussed the difficulties experienced in our case scenario, the importance of accessibility to and improved Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-24241804447052575142020-01-24T09:41:00.001-08:002020-01-24T09:41:02.843-08:00Irish Immigration 18001880 Essay -- essays papersIrish Immigration 18001880 INTRODUCTION The history of Ireland "that most distressful nation" is full of drama and tragedy, but one of the most interesting stories is about what happened to the Irish during the mid-nineteenth century and how millions of Irish came to live in America (Purcell 31). Although the high point of the story was the years of the devastating potato famine from 1845 to 1848, historians have pointed out that immigrating from Ireland was becoming more popular before the famine and continued until the turn of the twentieth century. In the one hundred years between the first recording of immigrants in 1820 and the passing of immigration restrictions in 1924, over four and one half million Irish immigrated to the United States. HOW THEY PAID TO COME TO AMERICA Most of the pre-famine immigrants were single men who found jobs as laborers in the North and Northeast (Purcell 32). Although these were low paying jobs, they were still better than what they had in Ireland. Another thing typical of the Irish immigrants in the pre-famine years was something called the chain migration (Purcell 36). The first immigrants found jobs, saved most or all of their money, and sent money or tickets for sailing on the ships to relatives in the old country. By very hard work, immigrants made it possible to pay for their entire family to follow them to America. To save up all of the passage money was very difficult but they worked hard and did it. Many immigrants from other countries also used the chain migration idea, and it is still common for immigrants to use this system. However, the Irish were the first to use chain migration in such a big way. THE LAWS OF IMMIGRATION During the 200 years that this ... ...live in a free land, and a more full appreciation of the life we lead today, as well as a thankfulness to those who, long ago, paved the way. Bibliography: WORKS CITED Anderson, Kelly. Immigration. San Diego: Lucent, 1993. Danilov, Dan. Immigrating to the USA.1st ed. British Columbia: Self-Counsel, 1978. Danilov, Dan. Immigrating to the USA. 5th ed. British Columbia: Self-Counsel, 1989. Gmelch, Sharon. Irish Life and Traditions. Dublin: O'Brien, 1986. Griffin, William. The Irish Americans. Hong Kong: Hugh Lauter Levin, 1998. "Immigrants." November 1993. 10 November 1998 . Long, Robert Emmet.Immigration. Dublin: H. W. Wilson, 1996. Purcell, L. Edward. Immigration. Phoenix: Oryx, 1995. Reimers, David. The Immigrant Experience. New York: Chealsea House Publishers, 1989. Sandler, Martin. Immigrants. New York: Eagle, 1995. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-74432494357100893682020-01-16T06:05:00.001-08:002020-01-16T06:05:03.641-08:00Arthurian and Grail Poetry EssayIn 1871, Swinburne produced a new collection of poems which he entitled ââ¬Å"Songs Before Sunriseâ⬠, which echoed a whole generationââ¬â¢s sentiments about Italyââ¬â¢s struggle for freedom. The poetââ¬â¢s stellar piece, ââ¬Å"Herthaâ⬠, was yet another offering to the pagan altar upon which he worshipped. Hertha, the goddess of fertility, is written as the speaker of a dramatic monologue that aims to declare her superiority and immortality over the Christian God, a tactic Swinburne used to get the attention of the Victorian audience. He emphasizes, through Hertha, the significance and importance of Mother Nature over God, and provides line after line of physical representations of a ââ¬Å"motherâ⬠that gives life and nourishment to her offspring, compared to a God who, in Swinburneââ¬â¢s logic, false and provisional. Also, by centering on the ââ¬Å"bodyâ⬠of Hertha, Swinburne stays true to his established tradition of sensuality and passion. He ends the poem with Hertha saying ââ¬Å"I am manâ⬠ââ¬âcompleting the ultimate pagan principle of manââ¬â¢s harmony and unity with nature. Swinburneââ¬â¢s most celebrated work, among his legendary pieces, is 1882ââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Tristram of Lyonesseâ⬠. A veritable triumph in the technical sense, the poem was skillfully written to feature long romantic couplets punctuated with a brilliant arrangement of vowel sounds, rhythm, and alliteration. Swinburne exposes his concept of passion masterfully in this tale of lovers who care for nothing else but their love, and would go to any length to keep the fire burning. Often referred to as Swinburneââ¬â¢s ode to the English dramatists, ââ¬Å"Tristramâ⬠is, to this day, the most exemplary rendition of the English couplet. IV. Other Literary Accomplishments As much as Swinburne was known as an exceptional poet was his reputation as an excellent critic. From 1868, he managed to produce a number of volumes of literary criticism, with the best contained in Miscellanies and Essays and Studies. In this series, the genius and poetics of Swinburne are satisfyingly revealed and explored. He also published A Study of Shakespeare, in which he expressed his own great technical competencies and proficiencies in the areas of music and rhythm in poetry, by praising the iconic master of story, song, and technical excellence. It is quite apparent that Swinburne had intentionally limited his paganistic and atheistic principles to his poetryââ¬âthe literary criticism that bears his name almost always stays firmly on the positive side, with nary a mention of technical or thematic shortcomings of the authors he discusses. With Swinburneââ¬â¢s passing in 1909, the Victorian society of England lost one of its greatest masters in lyric poetry, whose genius and brilliance were quite overflowing that he found it necessary to go against the tide, and stand by the least accepted constructs of society. V. Conclusion The question regarding Swinburneââ¬â¢s religious influences in his poetry has been clearly answered, and has validated the original logic proposed. There are indeed references to Christianity and traditional beliefs in almost all his poetry, which he strategically decided to use to disprove many of the paradigms established by the Church. With his declared propensity to explore the ideals of physical pain and pleasure, sexual passion, and excessive living, through a great deal of wit, sarcasm, and morbidity, the reading audience is left shocked and astonished way beyond their accepted levels. However, it takes one as talented as Swinburne to effectively realize the relationship between two opposing polesââ¬âChristianity and immoralityââ¬âand use the commonalities to create an ideology that is all at once controversial and unacceptable, but also incredible and brilliant. Bibliography Apiryon, T. ââ¬ËAlgernon Charles Swinburneââ¬â¢, The Hermetic Library, 1995, retrieved 12 July 2008 from http://www. hermetic. com/sabazius/swinburne. htm Bartleby, ââ¬ËThe Rossettis, William Morries, Swinburne, and Othersââ¬â¢. Bartleby. com, retrieved on 12 July 2008 from http://www. bartleby. com/223/0508. html Cymru, Gordd. ââ¬ËArthurian and Grail Poetryââ¬â¢, Celtic Twilight, 2000, retireved 12 July 2008 from http://celtic-twilight. com/camelot/poetry/swinburne/index. htm Representative Poetry Online, ââ¬ËSelected Poetry of Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837- 1909), retrieved on 12 July 2008 from http://rpo. library. utoronto. ca/poet/319. html Sawhney, Paramvir, ââ¬ËGestalt Paganism in AC Swinburneââ¬â¢s Herthaââ¬â¢ The Victorian Web, 2006, retrieved on 12 July 2008 from http://victorianweb. org/authors/swinburne/sawhney9. html Thomas, Edward, ââ¬ËA Modern Bacchantââ¬â¢, The New York Times, 29 December 1912. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-55144068963138608742020-01-08T02:28:00.001-08:002020-01-08T02:28:02.617-08:00Biography of Stokely Carmichael, Civil Rights Activist Stokely Carmichael was an important activist in the Civil Rights Movement who attained prominence (and generated enormous controversy) when he issued a call for Black Power during a speech in 1966. The phrase quickly spread, sparking a fierce national debate. Carmichaels words became popular among younger African Americans who were frustrated with the slow pace of progress in the field of civil rights. His magnetic oratory, which would typically contain flashes of passionate anger mixed with playful wit, helped make him nationally famous. Fast Facts: Stokely Carmichael Full Name: Stokely CarmichaelAlso Known As: Kwame TureOccupation: Organizer and civil rights activistBorn: June 29, 1941 in Port-of-Spain, TrinidadDied: November 15, 1998 in Conakry, GuineaKey Accomplishments: Originator of the term Black Power and a leader of the Black Power movement Early Life Stokely Carmichael was born in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, on June 29, 1941. His parents emigrated to New York City when Stokely was two, leaving him in the care of grandparents. The family was eventually reunited when Stokely was 11 and came to live with his parents. The family lived in Harlem and eventually in the Bronx. A gifted student, Carmichael was accepted to the Bronx High School of Science, a prestigious institution where he came into contact with students from diverse backgrounds. He later recalled going to parties with classmates who lived on Park Avenue and feeling uncomfortable in the presence of their maids ââ¬â given the fact that his own mother worked as a maid. He was offered several scholarships to elite colleges and ultimately chose to attend Howard University in Washington, D.C.. By the time he began college in 1960, he was greatly inspired by the growing Civil Rights Movement. He had seen television reports of sit-ins and other protests in the South and felt a need to get involved. While a student at Howard, he came into contact with members of SNCC, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (popularly known as Snick). Carmichael began participating in SNCC actions, traveling to the South and joining Freedom Riders as they sought to integrate interstate bus travel. Following graduation from Howard in 1964, he began working full-time with SNCC and soon became a traveling organizer in the South. It was a dangerous time. The Freedom Summer project was trying to register black voters across the South, and resistance was fierce. In June 1964 three civil rights workers, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, disappeared in Mississippi. Carmichael and some SNCC associates participated in the search for the missing activists. The bodies of the three murdered activists were eventually found by the FBI in August 1964. Other activists who were personal friends of Carmichael were killed in the following two years. The August 1965 shotgun murder of Jonathan Daniels, a white seminarian who had been working with SNCC in the South, affected Carmichael deeply. Black Power From 1964 to 1966 Carmichael was constantly in motion, helping to register voters and fight against the Jim Crow system of the South. With his quick wit and oratorical skills, Carmichael became a rising star in the movement. He was jailed numerous times, and was known to tell stories about how he and fellow inmates would sing to both pass the time and annoy the guards. He later said his patience for peaceful resistance broke down when, from a hotel room window, he saw police savagely beat civil rights protesters in the street below. In June 1966, James Meredith, who had integrated the University of Mississippi in 1962, began a one-man march across Mississippi. On the second day, he was shot and injured. Many other activists, including Carmichael and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., vowed to finish his march. Marchers began crossing the state, with some joining in and some dropping out. According to a New York Times report, there were usually about 100 marchers at any one time, while volunteers fanned out along the route to register voters. On June 16, 1966, the march reached Greenwood, Mississippi. White residents turned out to heckle and hurl racial slurs, and local police harassed the marchers. When marchers tried to pitch tents to spend the night in a local park, they were arrested. Carmichael was taken to jail, and a photograph of him in handcuffs would appear on the front page of the next mornings New York Times. Carmichael spent five hours in custody before supporters bailed him out. He appeared at a park in Greenwood that night, and spoke to about 600 supporters. The words he used would change the course of the Civil Rights Movement, and the 1960s. With his dynamic delivery, Carmichael called for Black Power. The crowd chanted the words. Reporters covering the march took notice. Up until that point, the marches in the South tended to be portrayed as dignified groups of people singing hymns. Now there seemed to be an angry chant electrifying the crowd. The New York Times reported on how quickly Carmichaels words were adopted: Many marchers and local Negroes were chanting Black power, black power, a cry taught them by Mr. Carmichael at a rally last night when he said, Every courthouse in Mississippi ought to be burned down to get rid of the dirt. But on the courthouse steps, Mr. Carmichael was less angry and said: The only way we can change things in Mississippi is with the ballot. Thats black power. Carmichael gave his first Black Power speech on a Thursday night. Three days later, he appeared, in a suit and tie, on the CBS News program Face the Nation, where he was questioned by prominent political journalists. He challenged his white interviewers, at one point contrasting the American effort to deliver democracy in Vietnam with its apparent failure to do the same in the American South. Over the next few months the concept of Black Power was hotly debated in America. The speech Carmichael gave to hundreds in the park in Mississippi rippled through society, and opinion columns, magazine articles, and television reports sought to explain what it meant and what it said about the direction of the country. Within weeks of his speech to hundreds of marchers in Mississippi, Carmichael was the subject of a lengthy profile in the New York Times. The headline referred to him as Black Power Prophet Stokely Carmichael. Fame and Controversy In May 1967 LIFE magazine published an essay by the noted photographer and journalist Gordon Parks, who had spent four months following Carmichael. The article presented Carmichael to mainstream America as an intelligent activist with a skeptical, though nuanced, view of race relations. At one point Carmichael said to Parks that he was tired of explaining what Black Power meant, as his words kept getting twisted. Parks prodded him and Carmichael responded: For the last time, he said. Black Power means black people coming together to form a political force and either electing representatives or forcing their representatives to speak their needs. Its an economic and physical bloc that can exercise its strength in the black community instead of letting the job go to the Democratic or Republican parties or a white-controlled black man set up as a puppet to represent black people. We pick the brother and make sure he fulfills The article in LIFE may have made Carmichael relatable to mainstream America. But within months, his fiery rhetoric and wide-ranging travels made him an intensely controversial figure. In the summer of 1967, President Lyndon Johnson, alarmed at Carmichaels comments against the Vietnam War, personally instructed the FBI to conduct surveillance on him. In mid-July 1967, Carmichael embarked on what turned into a world tour. In London, he spoke at a Dialectics of Liberation conference, which featured scholars, activists, and even American poet Allen Ginsberg. While in England, Carmichael spoke at various local gatherings, which drew the attention of the British government. There were rumors that he was pressured to leave the country. In late July 1967, Carmichael flew to Havana, Cuba. He had been invited by the government of Fidel Castro. His visit immediately made news, including a report in the New York Times on July 26, 1967 with the headline: Carmichael Is Quoted As Saying Negroes Form Guerrilla Bands. The article quoted Carmichael as saying the deadly riots occurring in Detroit and Newark that summer had used the war tactics of guerrillas. On the same day that the New York Times article appeared, Fidel Castro introduced Carmichael at a speech in Santiago, Cuba. Castro referred to Carmichael as a leading American civil rights activist. The two men became friendly, and in the following days Castro personally drove Carmichael around in a jeep, pointing out landmarks related to battles in the Cuban revolution. Carmichaels time in Cuba was widely denounced in the United States. Following the controversial stay in Cuba, Carmichael planned to visit North Vietnam, the enemy of the United States. He boarded a Cuban airlines plane to fly to Spain, but Cuban intelligence called the flight back when it was tipped off that American authorities were planning to intercept Carmichael in Madrid and lift his passport. The Cuban government put Carmichael on a plane to the Soviet Union, and from there he traveled onward to China and eventually to North Vietnam. In Hanoi, he met with the nations leader, Ho Chi Minh. According to some accounts, Ho told Carmichael of when he lived in Harlem and had heard speeches by Marcus Garvey. At a rally in Hanoi, Carmichael spoke out against American involvement in Vietnam, using a chant he had previously used in America: Hell no, we wont go! Back in America, former allies distanced themselves from Carmichaels rhetoric and foreign connections and politicians spoke of charging him with sedition. In the fall of 1967, Carmichael kept traveling, visiting Algeria, Syria, and the African West African nation of Guinea. He began a relationship with the South African singer Miriam Makeba, whom he would eventually marry. At various stops on his travels he would speak out against Americas role in Vietnam, and denounce what he considered American imperialism. When he arrived back in New York, on December 11, 1967, federal agents, along with a crowd of supporters, were waiting to greet him. U.S. marshals confiscated his passport because he had visited communist countries without authorization. Post-American Life In 1968, Carmichael resumed his role as an activist in America. He published a book, Black Power, with a co-author, and he continued to speak out on his political vision. When Martin Luther King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, Carmichael was in Washington, D.C. He spoke publicly in the following days, saying white America had killed King. His rhetoric was denounced in the press, and political figures accused Carmichael of helping to spur on the riots that followed Kings killing. Later that year, Carmichael became affiliated with the Black Panther Party, and appeared with prominent Panthers at events in California. Wherever he went, controversy seemed to follow. Carmichael had married Miriam Makeba, and they made plans to live in Africa. Carmichael and Makeba left the United States in early 1969 (the federal government had returned his passport after he agreed not to visit banned countries). He would settle permanently in Guinea. During his time living in Africa, Carmichael changed his name to Kwame Ture. He claimed to be a revolutionary, and supported a Pan-African movement, the goal of which was to form African nations into a unified political entity. As Kwame Ture, his political moves were generally frustrated. He was criticized at times for being too friendly with Africa dictators, including Idi Amin. Ture would occasionally visit the United States, giving lectures, appearing in various public forums, and even appearing for an interview on C-Span. After years under surveillance, he had become intensely suspicious of the United States government. When he was diagnosed with prostate cancer in the mid-1990s, he said to friends that the CIA may have made him contract it. Kwame Ture, who Americans remembered as Stokely Carmichael, died in Guinea on November 15, 1998. Sources Stokely Carmichael. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2004, pp. 305-308. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Glickman, Simon, and David G. Oblender. Carmichael, Stokely 1941ââ¬â1998. Contemporary Black Biography, edited by David G. Oblender, vol. 26, Gale, 2001, pp. 25-28. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Joseph, Peniel E., Stokely: A Life, Basic Civitas, New York City, 2014. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-39324400332582929642019-12-30T22:52:00.001-08:002019-12-30T22:52:03.594-08:00Soyuz 11 Disaster in Space Space exploration is dangerous. Just ask the astronauts and cosmonauts who do it. They train for safe space flight and the agencies who send them to space work very hard to make conditions as safe as possible. Astronauts will tell you that while it looks like fun, space flight is (like any other extreme flight) comes with its own set of dangers. This is something the crew of Soyuz 11 found out too late, from a small malfunction that ended their lives.à A Loss for the Soviets Both American and Soviet space programs have lost astronauts in the line of duty. The Soviets biggest major tragedy came after they lost the race to the Moon. Afterà the Americans landedà Apollo 11à on July 20, 1969, the Soviet space agency turned its attention towards constructing space stations, a task they became quite good at, but not without problems.à Their first station was calledà Salyut 1 and was launched on April 19, 1971. It was the earliest predecessor for the later Skylab and the currentà International Space Station missions. The Soviets built Salyut 1 primarily to study the effects of long-term space flight on humans, plants, and for meteorological research. It also included a spectrogram telescope, Orion 1, and gamma-ray telescope Anna III. Both were used for astronomical studies. It was all very ambitious, but the very first crewed flight to the station in 1971 ended in disaster. A Troubled Beginning Salyut 1ââ¬â¢s first crew launched aboard Soyuz 10 on April 22, 1971. Cosmonauts Vladimir Shatalov, Alexei Yeliseyev, and Nikolai Rukavishnikov were aboard. When they reached the station and attempted to dock on April 24, the hatch would not open. After making a second attempt, the mission was canceled and the crew returned home. Problems occurred during reentry and the shipââ¬â¢s air supply became toxic. Nikolai Rukavishnikov passed out, but he and the other two men recovered fully. The next Salyut crew, scheduled to launch aboard Soyuz 11, were three experienced fliers: Valery Kubasov, Alexei Leonov, and Pyotr Kolodin. Prior to launch, Kubasov was suspected of having contracted tuberculosis, which caused the Soviet space authorities to replace this crew with their backups, Georgi Dobrovolski, Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Patsayev, who launched on June 6, 1971. A Successful Docking After the docking problems that Soyuz 10 experienced, the Soyuz 11 crew used automated systems to maneuver within a hundred meters of the station. Then they hand-docked the ship. However, problems plagued this mission, too. The primary instrument aboard the station, the Orion telescope, would not function because its cover failed to jettison. The cramped working conditions andà a personality clash between the commander Dobrovolskiy (a rookie) and the veteran Volkov made it very difficult to conduct experiments. After a small fire flared up, the mission was cut short and the astronauts departed after 24 days, instead of the planned 30. Despite these problems, the mission was still considered a success. Disaster Strikes Shortly after Soyuz 11 undocked and made an initial retrofire, communication was lost with the crew far earlier than normal. Usually, contact is lost during the atmospheric re-entry, which is to be expected. Contact with the crew was lost long before the capsule entered the atmosphere. It descended and made a soft landing and was recovered on June 29, 1971, 23:17 GMT. When the hatch was opened, rescue personnel found all three crew members dead. à What could have happened? Space tragedies require thorough investigation so that mission planners can understand what happened and why. The Soviet space agencys investigation showed that a valve which was not supposed to open until an altitude of four kilometers was reached had been jerked open during the undocking maneuver. This caused the cosmonauts oxygen to bleed into space. The crew tried to close the valve but ran out of time. Due to space limitations, they were not wearing space suits. The official Soviet document on the accident explained more fully:à At approximately 723 seconds after retrofire, the 12 Soyuz pyro cartridges fired simultaneously instead of sequentially to separate the two modules .... the force of the discharge caused the internal mechanism of the pressure equalization valve to release a seal that was usually discarded pyrotechnically much later to adjust the cabin pressure automatically. When the valve opened at a height of 168 kilometers the gradual but steady loss of pressure was fatal to the crew within about 30 seconds. By 935 seconds after retrofire, the cabin pressure had dropped to zero...only thorough analysis of telemetry records of the attitude control system thruster firings that had been made to counteract the force of the escaping gases and through the pyrotechnic powder traces found in the throat of the pressure equalization valve were Soviet specialists able to determine that the valve had malfunctioned and had been the sole cause of the deaths. The End of Salyut The USSR did not send any other crews to Salyut 1. Ità was later deorbited and burned up on reentry.à Later crews were limited to two cosmonauts, to allow room for the required space suits during take-off and landing. It was a bitter lesson in spacecraft design and safety, for which three men paid with their lives.à At latest count, 18 space fliers (including the crew of Salyut 1) have died in accidents and malfunctions. As humans continue to explore space, there will be more deaths, because space is, as the late astronaut Gus Grissom once pointed out, a risky business. He also said that the conquest of space is worth the risk of life, and people in space agencies around the world today recognize that risk even as they seek to explore beyond Earth. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-91256996593953343832019-12-22T18:40:00.001-08:002019-12-22T18:40:03.167-08:00Prison Education Essay - 4573 Words Proceedings of The National Conference On Undergraduate Research (NCUR) 2009 University of Wisconsin La-Crosse La-Crosse, Wisconsin April 16 - 18, 2009 Prison Culture, Education, and Recidivism Rates Caleb L. Fry and Lauren T. Rios Department of Anthropology Lake Tahoe Community College One College Drive South Lake Tahoe, California 96150 USA Faculty Advisor: Daryl G. Frazetti Abstract Given the number of inmates in the prison system and the high level of recidivism, it is important to seek out possible solutions to this growing problem. By implementing more educationally and vocationally oriented programs it is possible that current recidivism rates can be reduced, thereby offering some relief for existing overcrowding conditions.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Table 1. percentage of educational programs offered at federal, state, and local levels2 Institution Type Federal Prisons Academic Program Type Adult Basic Secondary Post Secondary Vocational Adult Basic Secondary Post Secondary Vocational Adult Basic Secondary Post Secondary Vocational Percentage Offered 97.40% 98.70% 80.50% 93.5% 80.40% 83.60% 26.70% 55.70% 78.50% 60.40% 26.70% 6.5% State Prison Local Jails (avg. for all in US) Although several educational programs are widely available, many inmates are unable to take advantage of them, do not complete them, or lack follow up in the form of ongoing support services once released from the correctional system. The following table displays this concern: Table 2. national and state data on inmate participation and completion . Approximate Numbers 1993-2007: Institution Type Total Number of Inmates System 165,000 167,717 Number of Inmates Enrolled in Education Programs 54,000 87,624 Rate of Attendance, At Completion of Course 50% 60% Rate of Completion State System Federal System 4% 20% Education has played a prominent role in our correctional institutions over time. Unfortunately, there are many prisons which have failing programs with high drop-out rates, poor participation, and weak or non-existent postrelease support. In addition, funding cuts in all levels of government have forced many to reduce their offerings or close programs altogether. It has become apparent that there areShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Education On The Prison System851 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Importance of Education in the Prison System Introduction Education has always been one of the keys to an individualââ¬â¢s success. People have access to education in many different setting. The classroom, the workplace, on-line, the YMCA and Hobby Lobby are all places where someone can go to get some form of instruction. More often that not people over look the prison system as place where one can receive an education. Most prisons offer college and vocational classes to the inmates as a wayRead MorePrison Education Project ( Pep )928 Words à |à 4 PagesPrison Education Project (PEP) was created by Dr. Renford Reese in 2011 to provide currently incarcerated inmates with an opportunity to be reeducated and properly equipped to return back to society. Yet an important question is raised as to why such a program was needed in the first place. 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Since 1980, the incarceration rate has tripled. 1 in 20 Americans will spend time in prison during their lifespan. The numbers speaks for themselves. Currently there are an estimated 2 million people in U.S. federal and state prisons. Gi ven the unprecedented rise of individuals now involved with the American criminal justice system and the soaring rates or recidivism, there is a great need for systemic changesRead MoreThe Prison System And The Education Of Our Children1811 Words à |à 8 Pageshighest population of incarcerated people. Unfortunately, we have begun to spend more on the prison system than the education of our children. In order to be fiscally responsible, it is important that we change the way that prisons are run so we can decrease the amount of recidivism and make sure that those inmates are fully prepared to reenter into society and have the confidence to achieve their new goals. 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Philosophers and college students extol the transformative potential of education. Rarely, however, do their accolades manifest as tangible action in the ghettoes, slums, and cities of America. Nevertheless, these archetypal zones of exclusion have seen their share of new educational movements. Magnet and charter schools, increasedRead MoreEducation vs Prison Funding2137 Words à |à 9 PagesFinal research paper on ââ¬Å"Education vs. Prison Fundingâ⬠The government is responsible for security of its citizens and it is also responsible to provide a safe socio-economic environment to its people, and in this context; Jails and schools are two important institutions of any society, which need regular monetary support from the government. 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State prison and county jail inmates who receive general education and vocational training are significantly less likely to return to prison after release and are more likely to find employment than peers who do not receive such opportunities. Researchers found that inmates who participate in correctional education programs have 43 percent lower odds of returning to prison than those who do not. The estimate is based on studies that carefully Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-59212673732099383932019-12-14T15:10:00.001-08:002019-12-14T15:10:03.631-08:00Illegal Immigration Too Large a Burden on America Free Essays Illegal Immigration: Too Large a Burden on America ââ¬Å"Households headed by illegal aliens imposed more than 26. 3 billion dollars in costs on the federal governmentâ⬠¦and paid only 16 billion dollars in taxes, creating a net fiscal deficit of almost 10. 4 billion dollars, or two thousand seven hundred dollars per illegal householdâ⬠(Miller 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Illegal Immigration: Too Large a Burden on America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some people would argue that immigrants come to America to take jobs that no one else will do, but the illegal immigrants are in fact draining social services and stealing free health care benefits. In addition, immigrants pay little or no taxes to benefit the social services and health care providers that they drain. By doing so, the American tax payers must take on the high price of the American government turning a blind eye to the illegal immigrants rushing in. Yes, illegal immigrants take not so pleasant jobs, but itââ¬â¢s not worth the high price of social services and health care they impose. Although legalized immigration is what this country was founded on in the 1700ââ¬â¢s, in modern day America many feel it is becoming too large a burden on the American tax payers to stop the influx of illegal immigrants to the United States. The problem of immigration can be solved if we place more restrictions on who is allowed in to our country, and let more able bodied, skilled workers in instead of letting every sob story have priority. Paul Hina, author of Illegal Immigration ( Contemporary Issues Companion), states that due to ââ¬Å"illegal immigration and because U. S. immigration policy slants toward admitting relatives rather than immigrants with needed workplace skills, our immigration system literally imports povertyâ⬠(Hina 2). So instead of benefiting America with skilled workers, uneducated, poor immigrants are admitted and given full benefits of the social services they donââ¬â¢t deserve. Rachel Alexander, lawyer and coeditor of IntellectualConservatives. com, argues ââ¬Å"illegal immigration is a major problem in the United States because illegal immigrants pay no taxes yet consume welfare resources at the tax payersââ¬â¢ expenseâ⬠¦Border security has not stemmed the tide of illegal immigrants, so the government should focus instead on depriving them of social aid so that they will not be disinclined to sneak in to the countryâ⬠(Haugen 1). Providing illegal immigrants with social aid is wrong, because not only should they not be in our country, they are supported here by citizensââ¬â¢ tax dollars. The social services of this country is one of the reasons immigrants rush over here in the first place, so if we place more restrictions on who can receive social aid, they wonââ¬â¢t be so encouraged to hop the border. The massive amounts of immigrants who enter this country illegally make American citizens suffer economically and physically. Jamuna Carroll, author of many young adult books, stresses ââ¬Å"how can we ask working families of California ââ¬â many of whom have taken out sizable loans to finance their childrenââ¬â¢s education and many of whom will never be able to afford to send their children to college ââ¬â to subsidize the education of those who should not be in our country at all? â⬠(Carroll 2). Citizens in some states are now obligated to pay taxes to help illegal immigrants pay less for the same college education. It is unfair to provide immigrants who are here illegally, with discounts to public colleges and held as a priority over American citizens, who are burdened with taxes that pay for their discounts, in fact, the immigrants should not even be able to attend public colleges since they are breaking the law by being here, and colleges shouldnââ¬â¢t grant acceptance to them. Carroll further suggests ââ¬Å"no one needs a college degree to sustain health and welfare and education is not a human right, as some of the proponents of this goofy attitude about tuition subsidies for illegals suggestâ⬠(Carroll 2). Education is not an inalienable right. Nowhere in the constitution does it state education is an essential and necessary right the government must provide all who live within the borders. California should not enforce this view on their state residents because illegal immigrants should not benefit from education discounts when California citizens have to pay the hefty bill. Also by placing more restrictions on social aid programs, the tax payers wonââ¬â¢t be so burdened with useless taxes to pay for illegal aliens, who donââ¬â¢t provide any benefits to the country. The United States should make educated skilled workers a priority in the immigration policy and place more restrictions on social aid to solve the immigration crisis. Lori Newman, writer for the Greenhaven Press, reminds us, ââ¬Å"every legal immigrant before 1924 was examined for infectious diseases upon arrival and tested for tuberculosis. Anyone infected was shipped back to their country of originâ⬠¦todayâ⬠¦illegal aliens simply cross our borders medically unexamined, hiding in their bodies any number of diseasesââ¬â¢ (Newman 3). In 1924, only the healthiest and most educated could be admitted ntrance in to America, the land of opportunities, now the poorest and least educated immigrants with innumerable amounts of diseases flood into our country every day. Those with diseases once rare in our country infect and burden the American health care system. The United States should enforce more restrictions on social and the immigration policy so we can stop these diseases f rom infecting our people. America should stop trying to enforce rights that do not exist on people who should not be in our country and pay more attention to those dying because of the people who bring the diseases in illegally. Many Americans agree the United States needs to stop trying to provide for illegal immigrants within our borders and focus on legal citizens who give back to the country through taxes. Statistics show ââ¬Å"approximately 480,000 family-based immigrants and 140,000 employment based immigrants, as well as around 80,000 refugees and 20,000 immigrants seeking asylumâ⬠come in every year and stay because they are given health care, welfare and discounts on colleges with no costs to them (Haugen 1). Tax paying Americans are suffering while illegal aliens are given health care and welfare. The government needs to crack down on social services and help their fellow countrymen rather than uneducated and poor immigrants from which American reaps no benefits. Immigrants are what America was founded on, but citizens express that today they come in and take advantage of what America has to offer instead of those who first came to our country, ready to work and provide for their country. America needs to realize they canââ¬â¢t help everyone who asks, there is simply not enough resources or money, especially in these discouraging economic times. Help those who give America, not those who take advantage. Works Cited Carroll, Jamuna. Subsidizing college Tuition for Illegal Immigrants is Unfair. â⬠Opposing Views Resource Center. Gale. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. Haugen, David. ââ¬Å"Illegal Immigrants Should be Stopped From Draining Public Services. â⬠Opposing Views Resource Center. Gale. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. Hina, Paul. ââ¬Å"Illegal Immigrants Are Abusing the Public Healt h System. â⬠Opposing Views Resource Center. Gale. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. Miller, Debra. ââ¬Å"Illegal Immigrants Create a Drain on the U. S. Government. â⬠Opposing Views Resource Center. Gale. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. Newman, Lori. ââ¬Å"Illegal Immigrants Threaten U. S. Health Care. â⬠Opposing ViewsResource Center. Gale. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. How to cite Illegal Immigration: Too Large a Burden on America, Essay examples Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-22991606890022214172019-12-06T11:34:00.001-08:002019-12-06T11:34:05.823-08:00Australian Mental Health Statistics Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Australian Mental Health Statistics. Answer: Introduction Mental health week is an awareness program which deals with the mental issues and is held on October each year. This week is celebrated every year to merge up with world mental health day on October 10. The mental health week is celebrated for promoting the social and emotional health of the community, create awareness among people to maintain their health status, increasing the managing power of communities, families, individuals and increasing mental health recovery. On an average every year 20% of the population is facing challenges of mental health, 45% in their lifetime. Mental Health Week (9-15 October) is the ideal time to have an open conversation on mental safety. EPIC Mental Health Consultant Georgia Watson trusts Mental Health Week is essential to bring issues to view of emotional well-being issues in the group. It is a chance to acquire comprehension of emotional wellness issues. An extraordinary approach to knowing more about emotional wellness issues is by studying the ABC's Mental As program. Why Mental Health Awareness Week Is Important Despite the fact that a considerable measure of stunning work by devoted associations is being done and emotional wellness is more discussed than any time in recent memory, there is as yet an approach before dispositions change and the dread of disgrace scatters. There are as yet many individuals crosswise over Australia who has been battling without help for quite a long time and it's just through mindfulness, training and correspondence that we can start to separate the obstructions encompassing what ought to be such an essential subject for all of us. It's frequently the primary discussion, the one that begins it all, that is the hardest one. Be that as it may, as Heather took in, it's the way to starting an excursion towards comprehension and acknowledgment, and all the more significant to recover. Australian mental health statistics Around one out of 35 youthful Australians matured 4-17 encounter a depressive issue; i.e. 2.8% of Australians adults have encountered a full of feeling issue. This is equal to 112,000 teenagers. Among the seven teenagers in Australia at least one faces an emotional well-being condition; i.e., 13.9% kids and young people matured 4-17 years encountered a mental issue between 2013-14, which is equal to an expected 560,000 Australian kids and teenagers (www.health.gov.au). One out of fourteen youthful Australians (6.9%) matured 4-17 encountered a tension issue in 2015. This is proportionate to around 278,000 youngsters. The rate of deaths by suicide in youthful Australians is the most astounding it has been in 10 years. In 2015, 391 (12.5 for each 100,000) youthful Australians matured 15-24 passed on by suicide contrasted and 290 (10.4 for every 100,000) youthful Australians in 2005 (ABS Causes of Death, Australia, 2014). Suicide is the greatest enemy of youthful Australians and records for the passings of more youngsters than auto collisions. 324 Australians (10.5 for every 100,000) matured 15-24 biting the dust by suicide in 2012. This analyzes to 198 (6.4 for every 100,000) who passed on in auto collisions (the second most astounding executioner) (ABS Causes of Death, Australia, 2014). Confirmation proposes three out of four grown-up psychological well-being conditions rise by age 24 and half by age 14. Half of all lifetime instances of psychological wellness issue begin by age 14 years and three-fourths by age 24 years. Individuals encountering emotional well-being conditions by and large report a greater number of encounters of being dealt with decidedly than of being maintained a strategic distance from or oppressed, especially from companions, friends and family and relatives (Nicola and Anthony, 2015). Racism has can have truly antagonistic consequences for the health of the youngsters, instruction and social life and these impacts could be conveyed for a long time throughout the life (Priest et al. 2013). Around one out of three youthful Australian grown-ups matured 18-24 years of age, report that they are facing racial separation due to their color of the skin, ethnic inception or religion (Markus, 2016). Around one of every four Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youngsters matured 15 24 years report encountering separation since they were of Aboriginal or potentially Torres Strait Islander origin (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012). Around one of every four individuals with type 2 diabetes encounter sadness and one out of six encounter nervousness. Roughly one out of four youngsters matured 13-19 years with Type 1 Diabetes encounter direct to extreme side effects of sadness and nervousness (Speight et al., 2011). Goals of MHAW Mental Health Week concentrates on prosperity, support and group. Everybody's health is essential. You can help take care of your brain by getting enough rest, eating admirably, practicing and diminishing liquor utilization, figuring out how to oversee stress and keep yourself safe and keeping up solid connections (www.health.au.gov). Look for help when you require it by conversing with individuals you trust, looking at administrations online, for example, beyond-blue, reach-out or headspace, visit the GP or call 131465 out of an emergency or Lifeline on 131114. Make associations and be a piece of the group by checking in with mates, talk among friends to share things, discover what's going on in group and join mindshare. Role of government and non-government agencies Government agencies The National psychological well-being technique is a commitment by the government of Australia to enhance the lives of individuals with a dysfunctional behavior. The system was supported in April 1992 by the then Australian Health Ministers' Conference (AHMC) as a structure to control psychological wellness change (www.health.au.gov). The National emotional wellness technique expects to: Promoting of the psychological wellness of the Australian people group Keep improving the mental issue where needed Reducing the effect of mental issue on people, families and the group Assuring the privileges of individuals with emotional sickness. The strategy includes: National mental health policy The National Mental Health Policy 2008 recognizes our Indigenous legacy and the novel commitment of Indigenous individuals' way of life and legacy to our general public. Besides, it perceives Indigenous individuals' unmistakable rights to status and culture, self-assurance and the land. It recognizes that this acknowledgment and personality is principal to the prosperity of Indigenous Australians. It perceives that shared purpose, regard and duty are required to close the crevice on indigenous impediment and to enhance emotional well-being and prosperity (www.health.au.gov). The points of the National Mental Health Policy 2008 are to: Advance the psychological well-being and prosperity of the Australian people group and, where possible, keep the improvement of emotional well-being issues and dysfunctional behavior. Decrease the effect of psychological wellness issues and dysfunctional behavior, including the impacts of shame, on people, families and the group. Advance recuperation from psychological well-being issues and maladjustment Guarantee the privileges of individuals with emotional wellness issues and dysfunctional behavior, and to empower them to take an interest definitively in the public arena. National Mental health plan The Fourth Plan receives a structure of health of the population. This structure perceives that emotional well-being and ailment result from the mind boggling interchange of natural, social, mental, ecological and monetary factors at all levels. The determinants of emotional wellness status incorporate factors, for example, pay, instruction, work and access to group assets. The populace well-being system recognizes the significance of psychological well-being issues over the life expectancy from early stages to seniority, and perceives that a few people might be especially powerless in view of their statistic qualities (e.g. age, social context) or their encounters (e.g. presentation to injury or misuse) (Dimoff et al. 2016). The Fourth Plan visualizes the route in which changes in the psychological wellness part can between relate with approach headings of other government portfolios, with a view to guaranteeing that individuals with emotional wellness issues and dysfunctional behavior can profit by them in the best possible way (Perry et al. 2014). Mental health statement of rights and responsibilities The original mental health statement of rights and duties was discharged in 1991. It gave an all-encompassing structure to direct approach and rehearses and informs the consumers and carers. From that point forward there have been noteworthy advancements in national and jurisdictional emotional well-being spaces (McGorry et al., 2013). Such advancements incorporate the arrival of the National Mental Health Policy in 2008 (focused on by every Australian government), a progression of National Mental Health Plans, with the latest being the Fourth National Mental Health Plan 2009 2014, the National Standards for Mental Health Services 2010 and the National Carer Strategy in 2011. What's more there have been vital improvements through the Council of Australian Governments National Action Plan for Mental Health 2006 2011 (Howe et al., 2014). The procedure has been reaffirmed by the well-being priests various circumstances since 1992. In 1998 the Second psychological health plan was produced, and in 2003 the National emotional health plan 2003-2008 was supported. Most as of late, the 1992 National psychological wellness approach was changed in 2008 and the Fourth national emotional wellness design was discharged in November 2009. The Mental well-being articulation of rights and obligations was overhauled in 2012 (Lemon et al., 2016). Non-government organization Funding is arranged for emotional wellness emergency treatment preparing for cutting edge group specialises in the money related and legitimate divisions, relationship advisors, and social insurance laborers. These areas collaborate with individuals who might be in budgetary, legitimate or relationship emergency where the danger of suicide is expanded. The preparation has a particular concentrate on suicide anticipation to enable better to distinguish and react to the requirements of individuals in danger of suicide or who have endeavored suicide (Happell et al., 2015). The division connected with the accompanying three driving emotional well-being medical aid preparing suppliers for this measure until 2014: Mental Health First Aid International Wesley Life Force The Salvation Army (NSW) Four parts were recognized to get preparing: the human services, budgetary, lawful and relationship advising divisions. In counsel with the suppliers, preparing for the segments was part as takes after: Mental Health First Aid International monetary advising and human services divisions (specifically, solution and nursing, with an accentuation on understudies preparing in those callings) Salvation Army lawful part Wesley Life Force relationship guiding segments and human services laborers (specifically, general specialists, including their training staff and Aged Care Nurses). These associations give preparing in roughly 40 districts crosswise over Australia in both local and metropolitan zones. The role and impact of the media in mental health promotion The media's power to affect open discernment and how much individuals are presented to media portrayals makes the broad communications a standout amongst the most critical impacts in created social orders. The broad communications is certainly the Canadian Open's critical wellsprings of data (Livingston et al., 2014). With regards to emotional instability, the media has a tendency to twist the reality. Regardless, the media shapes our thoughts and courses in which we comprehend everyone around us. For that distress from dysfunctional behaviors, the ramifications of the regularly negative and incorrect depictions of mental health issues are huge. Mistaken data in the media about emotional sickness, regardless of the possibility that the depiction of an individual is certain, brings about false impressions that can have extensive and genuine results (Niederkrotenthaler et al., 2014). For instance, incorrect delineations of schizophrenia can prompt false convictions, perplexity, struggl e, and a deferral in getting treatment. Extensive research has reported that the publics most important and convenient source of mental health is the media. Coverdale et al., (2013) contends that TV is the most effective medium for confining public consciousness. Conclusion This overview gives experiences into the present condition of recuperation situated psychological wellness care and nations' distinctive methodologies for executing recuperation arranged administrations and measures. While recuperation has picked up acknowledgment as an essential space in social insurance in numerous nations, the execution and assessment of recuperation ideas all through care conveyance frameworks in a continuous and reliable way is as yet a work in advance and will require supported assets and responsibility by all partners associated with this procedure. References 3303.0 ABS Causes of Death, Australia, 2012 (2014). Underlying causes of death (Australia). Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2012. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing: A focus on children and youth, Apr 2011. Available from:https://www.abs.gov.au Byrne, L., Wilson, M., Burke, K. J., Gaskin, C. J., Happell, B. (2014). Mental health service delivery: a profile of mental health non-government organizations in south-east Queensland, Australia.Australian Health Review,38(2), 202-207. Dimoff, J. K., Kelloway, E. K., Burnstein, M. D. (2016). Mental health awareness training (MHAT): The development and evaluation of an intervention for workplace leaders.International Journal of Stress Management,23(2), 167. Happell, B., Platania-Phung, C., Webster, S., McKenna, B., Millar, F., Stanton, R., ... Scott, D. (2015). Applying the World Health Organization Mental Health Action Plan to evaluate policy on addressing co-occurrence of physical and mental illnesses in Australia.Australian Health Review,39(4), 370-378. Howe, D., Batchelor, S., Coates, D., Cashman, E. (2014). Nine key principles to guide youth mental health: development of service models in New South Wales.Early intervention in psychiatry,8(2), 190-197. Lemon, G., Stanford, S., Sawyer, A. M. (2016). Trust and the Dilemmas of Suicide Risk Assessment in Non-government Mental Health Services.Australian Social Work,69(2), 145-157. Livingston, J. D., Cianfrone, M., Korf-Uzan, K., Coniglio, C. (2014). Another time point, a different story: one year effects of a social media intervention on the attitudes of young people towards mental health issues.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology,49(6), 985-990. Markus. A. 2016. Mapping Social Cohesion 2016: National Report. Victoria: Scanlon Foundation. Available from: https://scanlonfoundation.org.au McGorry, P., Bates, T., Birchwood, M. (2013). Designing youth mental health services for the 21st century: examples from Australia, Ireland and the UK.The British Journal of Psychiatry,202(s54), s30-s35. Nicola J Reavley, Anthony F Jorm. 2015. Experiences of discrimination and positive treatment in people with mental health problems: Findings from an Australian national survey. Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 49(10) 906913. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com Niederkrotenthaler, T., Reidenberg, D. J., Till, B., Gould, M. S. (2014). Increasing help-seeking and referrals for individuals at risk for suicide by decreasing stigma: The role of mass media.American journal of preventive medicine,47(3), S235-S243. Perry, Y., Petrie, K., Buckley, H., Cavanagh, L., Clarke, D., Winslade, M., ... Christensen, H. (2014). Effects of a classroom-based educational resource on adolescent mental health literacy: a cluster randomised controlled trial.Journal of adolescence,37(7), 1143-1151. Priest, N., Y. Paradies, et al. (2013). A systematic review of studies examining the relationship between reported racism and health and wellbeing for children and young people. Social Science Medicine 95(115-127) Speight J, Browne JL, Holmes-Truscott E, Hendrieckx C, Pouwer F, on behalf of the Diabetes MILES Australia reference group (2011). Diabetes MILES Australia 2011 Survey Report. Melbourne: Diabetes Australia The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents. Report on the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Available from: www.health.gov.au The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents; Report on the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Available from: www.health.gov.au Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-62208888696328136342019-11-29T02:28:00.001-08:002019-11-29T02:28:03.689-08:00What I see as challenges young adults face today free essay sample What ever happened to the ââ¬Å"good ol daysâ⬠grandma spoke of? It seems young adults have taken on an array of challenges that werenââ¬â¢t as prevalent years ago. Young adults face countless challenges. From education to employment of which both are hard to either get or maintain. these challenges can lead one to stress and eventually create a deeper world of challenges. Young adults seem to be more vulnerable to lifeââ¬â¢s ups and downs. The lack of experience and naà ¯ve perception of the world can lead them to create unrealistic goals leaving nothing but heartache and the inability to overcome the challenges that are thrown at them. Letââ¬â¢s begin with education. Fortunately education is top priority to students and of course the parents that led these young adults toward wanting a higher learning. Unfortunately the tuition for the education sought out for is too steep for most young adults. We will write a custom essay sample on What I see as challenges young adults face today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A survey done by The Haratio Alger Association, ââ¬Å"shows that out of 1500 students surveyed around the country three of every four had ââ¬Å"someâ⬠or ââ¬Å"majorâ⬠concerns about whether they would be able to pay for collegeâ⬠. This statement is unfortunate because from a young age kids are taught that education is key, only to grow up, go out into the real world and discover that the key is actually money. Increased tuition forces students young or old to seek employment to pay their way through college. The problem here is that the jobs found are barley paying enough for anyone to make it through the month let alone pay for tuition. Student loans are then presented to the student as an option to pay for college. But this too poses a problem since the interest rates fluctuate depending on the economy. The Washington Post mentions that currently Obama is signing an interest rate law putting a cap on students loans for the lifetime of the loan. But this still does not change the fact that colleges are overly charging students for an education. Another challenge young adults face is employment. It is no surprise that the job market is in a terrible state. There arenââ¬â¢t many jobs out there and the oneââ¬â¢s that are available want more experience than young adults posses. The job market is competitive today because of the lack of employment. Just 58.6 percent of American civilians 16 and up had jobs in April according to The Bureau of Labor Statistics. ââ¬Å"This is a lower employment to population rate than the worst part of the recession in 2007-09ââ¬Å". Says Peter Coy. With a lack of jobs available employers have an increased volume of jobs seekers looking for work and it only makes sense to higher those with an x amount of experience or of course those that possess a degree. Until our economy is at a better state young adults today will continue to have the added challenge of searching for a job that will help pay for tuition and put food in their mouths. After the pressures of increased college tuition and failure to find a job that will help pay for the college tuition many young adults will find themselves stressed. Often times stress will push you to perform better or even study better but if under constant stress it can lead to more serious health issues such as depression. Depression is an emotional symptom of stress if caused by stressors. While this type of depression starts off minor it can turn into something major. Leaving young adults stuck with this overwhelming feeling of wanting to give up. Finding it hard to overcome since their new perception of life seems like a vicious cycle. Once stress has led them to depression they begin to procrastinate and neglect responsibilities. If one is not strong enough they will remain in this state of feeling like they have come as far as they could go and unfortunately this is the end of the road for them. CONCLUSION Young adults today face many obstacles today that seem to have gotten worse over the years. If jobs are not increased and tuition continues to increase so shall the problems for young adults which can lead to stress and depression creating an even greater whirlwind of challenges. REFERENCES www.today.com/money/class-2013-likely-to-face-tough-start-tight-job-market- Linn, Allison. April 10,2013. www.usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/national/story. McAuliff, John. 8/8/2012 www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-05-09. Coy, Peter. May 09,2013 www.globalresearch.ca/no-hope-on-this-job-front-rising-unemployment-in-america/5341808. www.helpguide.org/mental/stress_signs.htm. non profit resource. Smith, Segal and Segal. July 2013 Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-10238837956185321572019-11-25T10:02:00.001-08:002019-11-25T10:02:03.315-08:00How to Use the Partitive Genitive Case in LatinHow to Use the Partitive Genitive Case in Latin Theà genitive caseà is most familiar to English speakers as the case in which nouns, pronouns and adjectiveà express possession, says the clear-thinkingà Classics Departmentà at the Ohio State University. In Latin, it is used to indicate relationships that are most frequently and easily translated into English by the preposition of: love of god, the driver of the bus, the state of the union, the son of God. In all these instances, the prepositional phrase modifies a noun; that is, the prepositional phrase acts like an adjective: love of God equals Gods love equals divine love. Genitive Genetic Relationship The last example shows the genetic relationship that gives the genitive case its name. Linguists who have studied this case have concluded that it is a convenient way of indicating relationships between nouns, or, put in more grammatical terms, the genitive case turns any noun into an adjective. There are several categories of the genitive, depending mainly on their function. The partitive genitive is one of these categories. Partitive Genitive: How It Works The partitive genitive case, or the genitive of the whole, shows the relationship of a part to the whole of which it is part. It starts with a quantity, such as a numeral, nothing (nihil), something (aliquid), enough (satis) and the like.à This quantity is part of a whole, which is expressed by a noun in the genitive case. The simplest example isà pars civitatisà part of the state. Here, of course, the state (civitas) is the whole, and this party is the part (pars). This [is] a useful reminder that the English expression all of the state isà notà partitive, since all is not a part; consequently, you cannot use the genitive in Latin here, only an adjective:à omnis civitas, says OSU. If you have a part of something, the thingà thats the whole is in the genitive case. The fractional part can be a pronoun, adjective, noun or numeral designating quantity, with a noun or pronoun showing the whole to which the some (or many, etc.) belongs. Most of the following examples show the part in the nominative case. The whole is in the genitive since it signifies of the whole. The English translation may or may not have a word like of marking the genitive case. Partitive Genitive: Examples satis temporisà enough of time or enough time.nihil clamorisà none of the shouting or no shoutingnihil strepitusà none of the noise or no noisetertia pars solisà the third part of the sunquorum primus egoà sumà of whom I am chiefquinque millia hominumà five thousand [of the] menprimus omnium à first of all (with omnium in the genitive plural)quis mortalium à who of mortals (with mortalium in the genitive plural)nihil odii à nothing of hatred (with odii in the genitive singular)tantum laboris à so much work (with laboris in the genitive singular) vs. tantus labor so great a labor which has no genitive and therefore is not the partitive genitivequantum voluptatis à how much delight (with voluptatis in the genitive singular) Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-4614212830850072122019-11-21T17:26:00.001-08:002019-11-21T17:26:03.316-08:00Asylum Seeker Children in Need Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsAsylum Seeker Children in Need - Essay Example ri Lanka, FRY (Former Republic of Yugoslavia), Afghanistan, Turkey, Pakistan, China, India and Iran, in that order, were the countries most of these applications came from. Despite the large number of immigrants seeking leave to enter and stay, only a minority get awarded the refugee status or exceptional leave to remain. A major challenge is presented in terms of meeting the needs of these immigrants and refugees is their childrenââ¬â¢s access to education which is part of their statutory rights. In a highly competitive environment, these children may be considered a potential threat to school standards and levels of achievement, by institutions and educational establishments. However, schools are given the option to exclude asylum-seekersââ¬â¢ and refugee pupilsââ¬â¢ scores from the schoolsââ¬â¢ overall performance indicator if these individuals have been in the country for less than two years. The same exclusion law applies to anyone whose first language of instruction is not English. Such a policy can bring a good change if it seeks to help such students be welcomed and accepted at their respective institutions without the apprehension of the schools as to the hampering of school performance. However, on the flip side, such a decision might also result in the schools taking a lax attitude towards these children and deem them unfit for similar prospects as the other, regular students. The fact is that more than the basic needs of these children need to be catered to, as evidenced by the data that shows that children of refugees/asylum seekers are often victims of racial hatred, with the local communities often treating them as pariahs. Globalization is a reality of our times, as well as having a long history, and it is a good idea to see its process vis-à -vis the challenges of asylum. It is because of globalization that people from a certain area in the world decide to move to another area, despite the financial burden thereof. What is more, such people always Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-78117798005361179652019-11-20T15:53:00.001-08:002019-11-20T15:53:06.875-08:00Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 20Ethics - Essay Example This problem could have been solved with one word; accidently. If instead of ââ¬ËSo thereââ¬â¢s no need to worryâ⬠¦even if you leave it on a trainââ¬â¢, the sentence read ââ¬ËSo thereââ¬â¢s no need to worryâ⬠¦even if you accidently leave it on a trainââ¬â¢, the whole misunderstanding would have been avoided. While this incident was probably an oversight, one word can save litigation. Advertising should be straightforward, because consumers do not like to be tricked. It makes more business logic to keep the consumerââ¬â¢s trust. One word can keep this type of litigation out of the press. Then the consumer remembers the advertisement, not the litigation. Business brand and reputation should come first over misleading advertising. There is too much reputation to lose. Murdoch questioned whether he had made the right decision to set up the management and standards committee at a private summit in London on Wednesday with many of the senior Sun editorial executives and journalists who have spent more than a year on bail in relation to allegations of payments to police and public officials for stories. (Oââ¬â¢Carroll and Greenslade 2013) It would be hard not to inform on myself and other colleagues if the allegations were true. My ethics of keeping a secret or protecting others would be compromised if under investigation by the police. The law would be more important than office ethics. Of course, my ethics would never allow for payments to police or public officials for stories, hacking into private emails, or other illegal activities. I would rather work for a more reputable business. Ethics should guide a person in their life work, not just in their personal Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-26310207758006206492019-11-18T14:08:00.001-08:002019-11-18T14:08:03.864-08:00Antimicrobial Efficacy of Photocatalysts in Indian Medical Association Research PaperAntimicrobial Efficacy of Photocatalysts in Indian Medical Association - Research Paper Example The ability of photocatalytic substances, for example, titanium dioxide (TiO2) to disintegrate organic contaminants in the air and water has been established by Verdier et al. as one of the methods used to kill micro-organisms. Studies by Bonetta et al. have shown that the rutile and anatase forms of TiO2 have photocatalytic activity and are active against various Gram-positive & Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and green algae such as, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Chlorella Vulgaris. There are two key traits that make TiO2 ideal in the manufacture of building materials. (Rekha et al., 2010) They include photo-stimulated redox reactions of adsorbed materials and the photo-generated hydrophilic exchange of TiO2. Titanium dioxide is deemed as sedentary and safe material and has been used in many functions including the manufacture of several products such as paint, used as food additive, nutritional supplements among others.The first part of th e trial carried by the Indian Medical Association was carried in the premises whereby they tested photocatalysts efficacy of TiO2 in the Indian Scenario. The test was done as stipulated in the ISO protocol 27447:2009. The selected area of testing included the floor, door handles and table top swap of the premises. They cultured bacteria and counted the number of colonies in each sample. There was a lot of microorganism from the three selected regions. The ground floors had largest number of the organism compared to table top swap. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-58632809851373521752019-11-16T02:41:00.001-08:002019-11-16T02:41:10.181-08:00Early Intervention for Child with Visual ImpairmentEarly Intervention for Child with Visual Impairment Discuss the role of early intervention for children with visual impairments Introduction The whole area of visual impairment is a complex and difficult field. Children may either be born with a degree of visual impairment or they may acquire visual impairment at some stage after birth. Some defects may be comparatively obvious and easily detectable other may be very subtle and not obvious for some time. Visual defects may occur as a single lesion or may be part of a larger spectrum of congenital or acquired problems. They can be directly referable to the eye itself, as in the case of infantile cataracts, or may be as a result of more diffuse trauma such as cerebral palsy or perhaps a genetic error of metabolism or even infections such as meningitis. In this essay we intend to consider the role and value of early intervention together with an assessment of the value of screening which is obviously part of the same consideration. The mechanism of examination of the issue will be by means of a critical review of some of the relevant literature which has been recently published on the subject Screening There are many definitions of screening. Perhaps one of the best for our purposes comes from Wald (1) The systematic application of a test or enquiry, to identify individuals at sufficient risk to benefit from further investigation or direct preventive action, amongst persons who have not sought medical attention on account of symptoms of that disorder Screening is a common practice in many areas of the NHS. Whenever it is discussed, it is usually accompanied by prolonged discussions relating to cost-effectiveness and efficacy. With specific regard to visual impairment, screening for conditions that can produce visual impairment at an early age is utterly essential because of the development in early life of the visual processing pathways in the visual cortex (see below). (2) There is a window of opportunity for correction, which rapidly closes depending on the nature and severity of the visual impairment. Because of the dire implications for vision in later life, the cost effectiveness of such screening procedures are seldom applied in this area. This does not mean to say that considerations of efficacy are not valid (see below), but simply that it is not possible to put an appropriate value on a personââ¬â¢s sight. (3) Clearly the purpose of a screening programme is to try to identify those individuals who may be at risk of developing a potentially treatable condition. It is not a diagnostic service. There will usually be both false positives and false negatives. The importance of the National Screening programme is to identify those individuals who would benefit from further specialist assessment. A good place to start is the paper by Rahi (4). This study was designed to consider the efficacy of the screening programme in detecting a comparatively straightforward, although not necessarily easy to detect, lesion ââ¬â the congenital and infantile cataract. The study was a cross sectional design study with an entry cohort of nearly 250 children under the age of 15 yrs. The object of the exercise was to ascertain the proportion of these children who were detected and treated at 3 months and I year of age. The significance of this study is that it highlights either the difficulty of diagnosis (or possibly the inefficiency of the system) as the results were poor by any interpretation. The paper itself is quite detailed and comprehensive, but the results that are relevant to our considerations in this essay are that only 35% of congenital cataracts were diagnosed at the routine new-born examination and only another 12% had been diagnosed by the time of the 6-8 week examination. Only 57% of the cohort had been seen and assessed by an ophthalmologist by the time they were 3 months old and a further 33% had not been examined or assessed by the time that they were one year old. The authors comment that their study showed that the prime reason for getting an assessment was because of the carerââ¬â¢s concerns in about 40% of all cases. We shall consider the importance of early assessment, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment later in this essay, but it is clear from these figures that all three of these eventualities are denied to a very substantial proportion of children and infants with possible adverse consequences for their subsequent visual acuity. In all areas of medicine, we should ideally work from a rational and verifiable evidence base. (5) Given the fact that we can point to evidence that shows that a significant proportion of children with one (at least) visual defect are not routinely detected, we should examine the evidence base for the assumption that early detection is important. For the sake of clarity we will initially confine our considerations to the circumstance of infantile cataract. We do know that infantile cataract is an important and potentially avoidable cause of visual handicap.(6) The resultant stimulus deprivation of the optic tract and visual cortex (7) caused by the inability of the retina to receive normal images, because of the distortion caused by the cataract, produces various degrees of amblyopia.(8) There is a substantial body of evidence to show that in order to optimise the eventual outcome, particularly with the denser forms of cataract, that corrective surgery needs to ideally have been carried out before the age of three months.(9) Because of the developmental importance of the early visual stimulus it is reasonable to assume that the earlier that corrective treatment can be implemented, the better the result is likely to be (10) Although we have initially considered the impact of early screening for the condition of infantile cataract, it follows that other conditions can equally well be screened with the same rationale for early treatment. If we accept that early treatment is the ââ¬Å"gold standardâ⬠in childhood visual impairment (11), then it is possible to predict some populations of high risk births that will clearly need increased surveillance. Many of the genetic disorders which can cause visual impairment can be predicted (at least in statistical terms) and the children specifically assessed at birth (12) The majority of the papers examined with regard to infantile cataract are of the same opinion that early treatment is vital to secure any hope of reasonable visual acuity. The evidence base for some other conditions of visual impairment is nowhere near as clear, and in some places, frankly contradictory. If we consider the implications for other conditions of visual impairment in childhood we should consider the paper by Clarke MP (13) which specifically considers the efficacy of treatment of a unilateral visual impairment in the 3-5 yr. old age range. This is particularly relevant to our considerations here because the trial itself was well constructed and has a meaningful outcome. In broad terms, nearly 200 children who were identified as having a degree of unilateral visual impairment were allocated into two groups. One group had ââ¬Å"appropriate treatmentâ⬠the other had no treatment. The authors note that all children had treatment after the six month observation period. the children who received ââ¬Å"full treatmentâ⬠with glasses universally had better visual acuity than those who did not receive treatment. Interestingly, the mean treatment effect between the two groups was only one line on the Snellen chart. The degree of improvement was proportional to the degree of original impairment. The specific conclusions of this particular study are worth quoting verbatim:- Treatment is worth while in children with the poorest acuity, but in children with mild (6/9 to 6/12) unilateral acuity loss there was little benefit. Delay in treatment until the age of 5 did not seem to influence effectiveness. It is worth considering these conclusions in more detail as they have distinct relevance to the need for early intervention. The authors point out that there is a tendency for amblyopia to undergo a degree of spontaneous improvement which is consistent with the results of another trial (14). It is also fair to point out that other trials do not concur. Simons K (15) suggest that untreated amblyopia will deteriorate with time. The authors feel that, on balance, they recommend the continued wearing of glasses until the age of 7, even if the visual acuity returns to normal before this time, to prevent the development of refractory amblyopia. (16) When the authors compared the results of their study with children from districts who did not receive pre-school screening, the follow up study showed that deferring their treatment did not limit their potential for improvement and, very significantly, it nearly halved the number of children that needed to wear eye patches at all. (17) On the basis of this evidence the authors felt able to conclude that it is the acuity at presentation rather than the chronological age of the child, that is the most important determinant of eventual outcome. This is consistent with a similar study by Hardman-Lea SJ (18) They actually quantified this by stating that:- Children with a moderate acuity loss of 6/18 or worse showed a clear cut response to treatment, which itself arguably justifies screening to identify and treat these children. In contrast, children with mild acuity loss, who represent over half those identified with unilateral acuity impairment at screening in this and other studies, received little benefit from either treatment. This level of impairment, though often excluded from studies, is still commonly treated in routine clinical practice. We argue that children with 6/9 in only one eye should no longer constitute screen failures and do not justify treatment, even with glasses. Rather disturbingly the trial threw up one (probably statistical) anomaly:- The glasses group with moderate initial acuity, in whom patching treatment was deferred, showed no overall gain in acuity at post-trial follow up. While this is probably a random effect, it raises the question whether prior refractive correction might in some way limit the effectiveness of subsequent patching. Clearly this cannot be regarded as based on firm evidence, but raises the spectre that early treatment may actually be detrimental. If we consider a more technically sophisticated study (19) Weiss A et al 2004) that looked at visually evoked potentials (VERs) in amblyopic children and compared the ages of instigation of treatment (patching) and the detectable effects on the VERs. This is an extremely complex paper but careful weighing and critical analysis of the results shows that, as far as amblyopic children are concerned, the critical window for demonstrating and exploiting cortical neuronal plasticity extends up to the age of ten.( also 20). Although this paper specifically does not comment on the fact, an earlier paper by the same author (21) points to the fact that the plasticity, and therefore adaptability, progressively diminishes from about the age of five onwards The PEDI Group (22) complicate the findings further with their contention that treating amblyopic children in the 3-7 yr. age range did not produce significantly different clinical outcomes when compared to an older age range Screening, in general terms, has been overhauled by the National Screening Committee (23) which has sought to apply the classic Wilson Junger (24) criteria to all aspects of NHS screening. Within the recommendations of this body, various specialist organisations have produced their own guidelines. In the UK, the need for early visual impairment screening is recognised. Clearly this is different from being done efficiently in all cases. The most authoritative guidance that is currently available in this country is that which is based on the recommendations of the two national working parties who produced a joint report. The Royal Colleges of Ophthalmologists and Paediatrics and Child Health (25) The current recommendations include an inspection of the eyes together with an evaluation of the red reflex at birth and then a fuller assessment which would include an examination for the presence of squint and visual behaviour generally at about 6-8 weeks. (26) Later on in childhood there are other specified screening procedures which are designed to detect abnormalities such as strabismus, abnormalities of colour vision and reduced visual acuity although an examination of the literature would suggest that the pick up rate is surprisingly small (27). This particular author suggests this is mainly because the vast majority of cases are brought to the attention of the primary healthcare teams by the carers before screening is carried out. In this essay we have conducted a brief overview of some of the relevant literature in the field of early detection of visual impairment. The results are disappointingly confusing. Some areas appear to have a fairly clear cut and universal agreement, others seem to produce well constructed studies that offer seemingly mutually exclusive results. (28). The area of the infantile or congenital cataract appears to be one of those areas where there is fairly universal agreement that early treatment is beneficial, but the biggest stumbling block appears to be the comparative inability to pick up or detect the abnormality in a clinical screening setting. Although we have not presented firm evidence, as it is not directly relevant to our discussions, there is also the problem that surgical intervention, although obviously helpful in terms of preserving vision, may actually have a down side that iatrogenic glaucoma is a possibility in later life. (10) The converse situation appears to apply to the amblyopic patient, or the patient with strabismus. We have presented evidence that appears to be frankly contradictory. Although it appears easier to detect these abnormalities in the older child there is considerable disparity in opinion about whether early treatment is either beneficial, or in the case of one of the papers presented, even helpful. It is clearly difficult to form an opinion with any sort of firm evidence base in these circumstances. Although it is reassuring to read a paper and find that the authors call for ââ¬Å"more research to be doneâ⬠in that particular area, it does not help those practitioners currently working in the clinical field, to come to a firm view on whether early treatment is either indicated, useful or even necessary in these particular circumstances. References Wald NJ. Guidance on terminology. J Med Screen 1994;1:76. Barnes GR, Hess RF, Dumoulin SO, Achtman RL, Pike GB. The cortical deficit in humans with strabismic amblyopia. J Physiol. 2001;533:281ââ¬â297 National Screening Committee. First report of the National Screening Committee. Health Departments of the United Kingdom, 1998. (4) Jugnoo S Rahi and Carol Dezateux National cross sectional study of detection of congenital and infantile cataract in the United Kingdom: role of childhood screening and surveillance BMJ, Feb 1999; 318: 362 365 (5) Berwick D 2005 Broadening the view of evidence-based medicine Qual. Saf. Health Care, Oct 2005; 14: 315 316. (6) Foster A, Gilbert C. Epidemiology of visual impairment in children. In: Taylor D, ed. Paediatric ophthalmology. 2nd ed. London: Blackwell Science, 1997:3-12. (7) Taylor D. Congenital cataract: the history, the nature and the practice. The Doyne lecture. Eye 1998; 12: 9-36 (8) Campos E. Amblyopia. Surv Ophthalmol 1995; 40: 23-39 (9) Lloyd IC, Dowler JGF, Kriss A, Speedwell L, Thompson DA, Russell-Eggitt I, et al. Modulation of amblyopic therapy following early surgery for unilateral congenital cataracts. Br J Ophthalmol 1995; 79: 802-806 (10) M Vishwanath, R Cheong-Leen, D Taylor, I Russell-Eggitt, and J Rahi Is early surgery for congenital cataract a risk factor for glaucoma? Br. J. Ophthalmol., July 1, 2004; 88(7): 905 910. (11) Barrett BT et al. 2004 B. T. Barrett, A. Bradley, and P. V. McGraw Understanding the Neural Basis of Amblyopia Neuroscientist, April 1, 2004; 10(2): 106 117. (12) Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine Section on Ophthalmology. Eye examination and vision screening in infants, children and young adults. Pediatrics 1996; 98: 153-157 (13) M P Clarke, C M Wright, S Hrisos, J D Anderson, J Henderson, and S R Richardson Randomised controlled trial of treatment of unilateral visual impairment detected at preschool vision screening BMJ, Nov 2003; 327: 1251 ; (14) Hard AL, Williams P, Sjostrand J. Do we have optimal screening limits in Sweden for vision testing at the age of 4 years? Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1995;73: 483-5 (15) Simons K, Preslan M. Natural history of amblyopia untreated due to lack of compliance. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83: 582-7. (16) Kutschke P, Scott W, Keech R. Anisometropic amblyopia. Ophthalmology 1999: 258-63 (17) World Health Organization. Elimination of avoidable visual disability due to refractive errors. Geneva: WHO, 2000. (18) Hardman-Lea SJ, Loades J, Rubinstein MP. The sensitive period for anisometropic amblyopia. Eye 1989;3: 783-90 (19) AH. Weiss and J. P. Kelly Spatial-Frequency-Dependent Changes in Cortical Activation before and after Patching in Amblyopic Children Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2004; 45(10): 3531 3537. (20) Barnes G, Hess R, Dumoulin S, Achtman R, Pike G. The cortical deficit in humans with strabismic amblyopia. J Physiol 2001;533: 281-97. (21) Weiss AH. Unilateral high myopia: optical components, associated factors, and visual outcomes. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:1025ââ¬â1031. (22) PEDI Group 2002 Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. The clinical profile of moderate amblyopia in children younger than 7 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:281ââ¬â287. (23) National Screening Committee. First report of the National Screening Committee. Health Departments of the United Kingdom, 1998. (24) Wilson JMG, Jungner G. Principles and practice of screening for disease. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 1968. (25) Royal Colleges 1994 Royal College of Ophthalmologists and British Paediatric Association. Ophthalmic services for children. Report of joint working party. London: RCO, BPA , 1994. (26) Hall DM. Health for all children. 3rd ed. Report of the third joint working party on child health surveillance. Oxford: Oxford University Press , 1996. (27) Snowdon SK, Stewart-Brown SL. Preschool vision screening. Health Technol Assess 1997;1:i-83. (28) Clare Gilbert and Haroon Awan Blindness in children BMJ, Oct 2003; 327: 760 ââ¬â 761 18.11.05 PDG Word count 3,010 Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7831656611449225317.post-44876308854268801972019-11-13T15:12:00.001-08:002019-11-13T15:12:03.469-08:00Skepticism Essay -- Skeptic philosophy philosophersSkepticism Skepticism is the Western philosophical tradition that maintains that human beings can never arrive at any kind of certain knowledge. Originating in Greece in the middle of the fourth century BC, skepticism and its derivatives are based on the following principles: There is no such thing as certainty in human knowledge. All human knowledge is only probably true, that is, true most of the time, or not true. Several non-Western cultures have skeptical traditions, particularly Buddhist philosophy, but properly speaking, skepticism refers only to a Greek philosophical tradition and its Greek, Roman, and European derivatives. The school of Skeptic philosophers were called the "Skeptikoi" in Greece. The word is derived from the Greek verb, "skeptomai," which means "to look carefully, to reflect." The hallmark of the skeptikoi was caution; they refused to be caught in assertions that could be proven false. In fact, the entire system of skeptic philosophy was to present all knowledge as opinion only, that is, to assert nothing as true. In this, they were firmly planted in a tradition started a century earlier by Socrates. Socrates claimed that he knew one and only one thing: that he knew nothing. So he would never go about making any assertions or opinions whatsoever. Instead, he set about questioning people who claimed to have knowledge, ostensibly for the purpose of learning from them, using a judicial cross-examination, called elenchus . If someone made an assertion, such as, "Virtue means acting in accordance with public morality, " he would keep questioning the speaker until he had forced him into a contradiction. As in a court of law, this contradiction proved that the speaker was lying in som... ...at a certain piece of knowledge, that piece of knowledge then becomes the basis for clearing up other doubts. Descartes systematic doubt became the basis of the Enlightenment and modern scientific tradition. One begins with a proposition, or hypothesis, that is in doubt and then tests that proposition until one arrives, more or less, at a certain conclusion. That does not, however, end the story. When confronted by the conclusions of others, one's job is to doubt those conclusions and redo the tests. Once a hypothesis has been tested and retested, then one can conclude that one has arrived at a "scientific truth." That, of course, doesn't end it, for all scientific truths can be doubted sometime in the future. In other words, although scientists speak about certainty and truth all the time, the foundational epistemology is skeptical: doubt anything and everything. Patrick Lyonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567021044929543944noreply@blogger.com0